Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck Essays - The Chrysanthemums, Elisa

Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck John Steinbeck wrote The Chrysanthemums in 1938. Steinbeck, as in many of his novels and short stories, depicts the life of poor, hard working people. In The Chrysanthemums, Steinbeck writes about a farmer's wife living in California. The couple lives on a farm, as many individuals did in that time. Steinbeck describes the physical and mental hardships of families living off the land. In the short story, The Chrysanthemums, Elisa is constantly with held from life because she is a woman. "On every side it (the valley) sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the great valley a closed pot." Under the lid was Salinas Valley, the home of Henry and Elisa Allen. Henry was a farmer who made a fair amount of money from his crops and stock. Elisa was Henry's wife; she had the hobby of taking care of her Chrysanthemums and the chore of being Henry's wife. In Elisa's garden, the Chrysanthemums grew with the work of her hands and the care of her heart. She seems to enjoy her garden immensely, but actually was trapped in it. She was trapped, because she felt that the only thing she could do was tend her garden. Henry tells Elisa that her flowers were very good last year and some of the yellow flowers were 10 inches across. Henry told Elisa, "I wish you'd work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big." Elisa said, "Maybe I could do it, too. I've a gift with things, all right." Henry changes the subject and starts talking about his livestock that he sold. Henry would not let her try her green thumb on the orchard, because of this, Elisa started to feel the pain of being a woman One day as Elisa was tending her garden, a wagon was passing on the road. Elisa looked up expecting the wagon to pass, but it did not. The wagon pulled up the driveway. Painted on the side of the wagon in sloppy words was, "Pots, pans, knifes, sisors, lawn mores, Fixed". A big, hairy man got out of the wagon and offered to fix her scissors for her. Elisa claimed she had nothing to be fixed. In hope of getting work, the man complimented her flower garden, and as he had planned, the two started talking. They talked about his being on the road. Elisa asked him about where he sleeps and where he lives. "Right in the wagon, ma'am. Rain or shine I'm dry as a cow in there." Elisa said, "It must be very nice. I wish a woman could do such things." The man replied, "It ain't the right kind of life for a woman." This is one instance where Elisa feels trapped as a woman. Elisa asked, "How do you know? How can you tell?" Elisa does not get an answer. He quickly changed the subject and started talking about her flowerbed. She told the man that the reason the Chrysanthemums were so big, is that her mother had planter hands that made plants grow and the hands were passed on to Elisa. He stated that someone down the road needed some Chrysanthemums. She was happy to share her garden; she put a Chrysanthemum bulb into a pot and handed it to the fix?all man. Elisa gave him special instructions for the care of the flowers. After this, Elisa decides to let him work, on a few aluminum saucepans. Elisa pays the man and he leaves. Now that the man was gone; Elisa ran to the house, tore off her soiled clothes, and took a hot shower. She scrubbed her body, hard and long, with a pumice stone. She needed to rid herself of the fix-all man. Elisa got out of the shower and looked at herself in the mirror. She looked at her naked body, sucking in her stomach and pushing out her chest. Elisa then put on her nicest under garments. She also put on her newest, favorite dress; the symbol of her prettiness. Soon, Henry comes in the room and says, "Why?why, Elisa you look so nice." Elisa replied, "Nice? You think I look nice? What do you mean by nice?" Henry replied, "I don't know. I mean you look different, strong, and happy." The couple leaves the house to go out to eat. As they were driving down the road, they pass the fix ?all man. She looked back and saw her flower bulbs and sands lying on the road.

Learn More About the History of Lasers

Learn More About the History of Lasers The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. It is is a device that emits a beam of light through a process called optical amplification. It distinguishes itself from other sources of light by emitting light in a spatially and temporally coherent manner. Spatial coherence keeps the beam within a narrow and tight path over long disances. This allows the energy generated to be used in applications such as laser cutting and laser pointing. Having temporal coherence means that can emit light within a narrow spectrum to generate a light beam of a specific color. In 1917, Albert Einstein first theorized about the process which makes lasers possible called Stimulated Emission. He detailed his theory in a paper titled Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Theory of Radiation). Today, lasers are used in a wide range of technologies including optical disk drives, laser printers and barcode scanners. They are also used in laser surgery and skin treatments as well as cutting and welding. Before the Laser In 1954, Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow invented the maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) using ammonia gas and microwave radiation. The maser was invented before the (optical) laser. The technology is very similar but does not use visible light. On March 24, 1959, Townes and Schawlow were granted a patent for the maser. The maser was used to amplify radio signals and as an ultra sensitive detector for space research. In 1958, Townes and Schawlow theorized and published papers about a visible laser, an invention that would use infrared and/or visible spectrum light. However, they did not proceed with any research at the time. Many different materials can be used as lasers. Some, like the ruby laser, emit short pulses of laser light. Others, like helium-neon gas lasers or liquid dye lasers, emit a continuous beam of light. The Ruby Laser In 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser considered to be the first successful optical or light laser. Many historians claim that Maiman invented the first optical laser. However, there is some controversy due to claims that Gordon Gould was the first and there is good evidence backing that claim. The Gordon Gould Laser Gould was the first person to use the word laser. Gould was a doctoral student at Columbia University under Townes, the inventor of the maser. Gould was inspired to build his optical laser starting in 1958. He failed to file for a patent his invention until 1959. As a result, Goulds patent was refused and his technology was exploited by others. It took until 1977 for Gould to finally win his patent war and receive his first patent for the laser. The Gas Laser The first gas laser (helium-neon) was invented by Ali Javan in 1960. The gas laser was the first continuous-light laser and the first to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. It has been used in many practical applications. Hall's Semiconductor Injection Laser In 1962, inventor Robert Hall created a revolutionary type of laser that is still used in many of the electronic appliances and communications systems that we use every day. Patel's Carbon Dioxide Laser The carbon dioxide laser was invented by Kumar Patel in 1964. Walker's Laser Telemetry Hildreth Walker invented laser telemetry and targeting systems. Laser Eye Surgery New York City ophthalmologist Steven Trokel made the connection to the cornea and performed the first laser surgery on a patients eyes in 1987. The next ten years were spent perfecting the equipment and the techniques used in laser eye surgery. In 1996, the first Excimer laser for ophthalmic refractive use was approved in the United States. Trokel patented the Excimer laser for vision correction. The Excimer laser was originally used for etching silicone computer chips in the 1970s. Working in the IBM research laboratories in 1982, Rangaswamy Srinivasin, James Wynne and Samuel Blum saw the potential of the Excimer laser in interacting with biological tissue. Srinivasin and the IBM team realized that you could remove tissue with a laser without causing any heat damage to the neighboring material. But it took the observations of Dr. Fyodorov in a case of eye trauma in the 1970s to bring about the practical application of refractive surgery through radial keratotomy.

Simple Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Simple - Coursework Example As a result, municipal government receives more money from selling tickets for the sports activities, but less money from sports substitutes. (AtlantaFed) It is clear, that while making plans to increase the revenues from sports, we need to think about the opportunity costs of introducing such activities. For example, the extra benefits from selling more tickets from a newly built stadium, which is much bigger than the old one, may be outstripped by the losses of movie theaters, restaurants and children entertainment facilities in the same city. This may happen, because the stadium will be visited mostly by the adults, while the movie theaters and restaurants will lose such customers as small children. They will not be able to go see cartoons, eat pancakes or ice-cream, see magic shows and ride a pony in amusement parks, as their parents will be busy preparing for and watching the professional game. The same may happen even within sports industry. For example, the people will go to the professional game, but will not go to a pool or a water park with their children, and thus these facilities will receive less profits than they expected. Even though they were not designed as facilities for professional sports, they still can be considered as those, which belong to the sports industry, as they deal with amateur sports

Strategy plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy plans - Essay Example Furthermore, the proponent gives comments on how Apple has implemented its strategy within its organization, the control it placed on the organization to monitor its success and eventually how this influenced its staffing requirements. Strategy Plans Due to various changes in the computer industry, strategies need to be planned at Apple Incorporated. There are two essential considerations that Apple has to take into account in order to entirely deliver its strategy plans. These include allocating resources between traditional and new product offerings in order to both maintain and improve its market position, and maintaining its competitive advantage through its unique retail strategy and capitalizing on new and emerging trends (Di Muro, Murray, & Goode, 2010). All of these are remarkable components of Apple’s strategy plans in order to grow its business especially in the midst of constantly changing market in Personal Computers Industry. Thus, there are two obvious strategic plans that Apple should pursue and these include the idea of maintaining and improving its market position and its competitive advantage, respectively. ... Clearly, strategies need to be formulated as well in order to obtain these goals. In particular, under improving or maintaining its market position, Apple Incorporated needs to exactly create highly differentiated products through its initiative in latest product development or innovation. It is in line with this that Apple needs to substantially create more focus in dealing with its traditional and new products based on the latest trends. This means Apple needs to compete with making a difference with its product offerings. This is the very point of its differentiation strategy in order to improve or maintain its market position. On the other hand, in order to achieve its competitive advantage, Apple needs to substantially consider its unique retail strategy which is related to the creation of its market share. In the midst of a very competitive market due to different key players trying to emphasize target market for their product offerings, Apple remarkably needs to consider explo ring more possibilities on how they exactly make it successful for their products to reach into their customers. While adhering completely on its branding strategy, Apple needs to ensure that its products are handled accordingly by highly accredited retailers. This is to ensure preserving its property rights, which at some point has become an integral part of its product identity and quality trademark. Thus, Apple substantially invests its resources in maximizing the image of its brand as essential component of its unique retail strategy. Implementation of strategy Implementation of strategy would never be that easy especially in the industry where Apple belongs due to a very tight

Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Resume - Essay Example I have very good recommendations from my professors. I currently have a GPA of 3.0. During the course of my work, I am interested in doing a Master’s in Human Resources in California. This greater work experience and knowledge will enable me to accomplish greater goals and promote perfection for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. My skills include my abilities to speak more than one language, English and Arabic. I am a native citizen of Saudi Arabia from Dammam. My family name is Al-Dosssary. I am skillful in managing people in the department. Based on my prior experience working at British Airways in Saudi Arabia, I have solved numerous issues with people. For example, I have managed passengers who have overload weight of baggage. My solution to them was to assist them with strategies of how to decrease the weight by putting some of the weight in their handbag. With this solution, the passenger was able to fly safely without paying extra and I was able to not go above or beyond the company policy limit of bags lower than 23 kilos. I thank you for your attention in reading my letter and I am open to having further continuing relationship. Enclosed, is a copy of my resume. I thank you for your attention. You can call me during normal Business Hours from Monday-Friday at my cell-phone (720) 421-8371 or at

RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges

RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges Somayeh Komeylian Department of Tel-Communication Engineering, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Armin Mehrabian Department of Medical, Mashhad Medical Science University, Mashhad, Iran Saeed Komeylian Factory of graduated students, Department of Tel-Communication Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Latest works are doing on date encryption/color Image in optic range as well as Digital ranges. In this research, color Images encryption has been done by RGB components in FRT ranges for any kind of encryption random phase codes. Moreover, one single-part encryption method has been performed for color twin images. Encrypted twin RGB images by their color map converted to indexed format. One Algorithm used for incorporating two images in order to encrypt in FRT domain. Outlined Algorithm of 15entering parameter involved generally that random phases could be considered as keys for encryption. Unsuitable selection of any keys during encryption will have negative results. Presence of many keys help in building system thats intensely safe against unpermitted accessibility it could be seen that encrypted images were completely safe against unpermitted time accessibility that has false fractional commands in all three channels. Keywords: RGB Components; Color Images; Encryption. By developing Multimedia network, connection and publication techniques, tendency to send and gain Digital Date, especially images, extended a lot. Protecting individual and hiding things for permitted users and ensuring accessibility for legal Data and security considered as the most important subject in connections and image storage. One of the certain ways for immunity is encryption different optic methods recommended well for Digital methods and encrypting images. That consisted of good recognition of (DRPE) Double random phase encryption [1-3]. This method statistically uses Double Random phase in entrance and Fourier phase for input image encryption into a stationary white noise. This method generalization conducted toward fractional Fourier domain and then considerable help has been done by authors and researchers [7, 8]. In addition, many remarkable works are doing on date encryption/color Image in optic range as well as Digital ranges. In the other related works for color Im ages encryption, RGB color Image RGB components in FRT ranges used for any kind of encryption random phase codes and FRT fractional commands as keys [6]. Moreover, one single-part encryption method has been performed for color twin images [5]. Encrypted twin RGB images by their color map converted to indexed format. One Algorithm used for incorporating two images in order to encrypt in FRT domain. Mentioned Method is Single-part and permitted processing in a simple direction [4]. A. Definition of FRT Conventionally, The nth order FRT fn(xn) Of a function f(x) is calculated using integral transform kernel given by follow equation [4]. (1) Where (2) Moreover, X and xn represent the coordinate systems for the input (zero order) domain and the output (nth order) fractional domain respectively. The FRT is linear and has the property that it is index additive: (3) Where a and b are different fractional orders of the FRT. It is possible to extend the definition of the FRT order beyond  ±2 (4) Where m is an integer. B. Concept of Colored Indexed Images Colored image in our context is represented as fn(x. y), where   x and y are spatial coordinates and n denotes the index of primary color components (n=0, 1, 2) f0(x. y), f1(x. y) and f2(x. y) correspond to RGB color components respectively. A colored image con be viewed as a stack as a stack of RGB components forming a m-n-3 array, with each pixel as a triplet corresponding to the values of the primary color components. On the other hand, an indexed image consists of a data matrix and a color map matrix. The color map matrix is an m-3 array of class double containing floating point values in the range [0, 1], where m is a function of the color system and it defines the number of colors it defines. Each row of the color map matrix specifies the red, green, and blue components of a single color. An indexed image uses direct mapping of the pixel intensity values to color map values. The color of each image pixel is determined by using the corresponding value of the data matrix as a pointer into color map. Unlike a colored image (Which is a 3-D matrix), an indexed image is a 2-D array, and simplifies the encryption as the color map is uniquely defined for a given color system. The same can be extracted from the color image and only a 2-D indexed image can be encrypted. Thus the process of encryption and decryption can be carried out in a single channel similar to the gray scale images, and the colored image can be retrieved after adding the color map to the decrypted indexed image [4]. A. Recommended Encryption Algorithm Colored image in our context is represented as follow equation: (5) Where, x and y are spatial coordinates and n denotes the index of primary color components (n=0, 1, 2) f0(x. y), f1(x. y) and f2(x. y) correspond to red, green, and blue color components respectively. Each of these components is segregated and the input RGB image p(x, y), to be encrypted, is converted into its indexed format pi (x, y), by extracting the color map and with each of these components are added. Each of these components encrypted independently using fractional Fourier encryption. The schematic of the proposed encryption technique is shown in Figure (1). The colored image to be encrypted is decomposed in red, green, and blue components and each of these components are combined with indexed image pi (x, y), and each component is multiplied with random phase functions ÃŽ ¦r1(x, y), ÃŽ ¦g1(x, y), and ÃŽ ¦b1(x, y). The random functions used above are statistically independent of each other. The FRT with different fractional orders along each spatial coordinate is performed for all the color components i. e (arx, ary) for red, (agx, agy) for green, and (abx, aby) for blue respectively. The transformed primary color images are then multiplied with three random phase functions ÃŽ ¦r2(u, Ï…), ÃŽ ¦g2(u, Ï…) and ÃŽ ¦b2(u, Ï…) in the fractional domain, where u and Ï… denote the coordinates in the respective fractional domain. Another FRT is performed subsequently on these images independently with different fractional orders along each spatial coordinates i.e. (brx, bry) for red (bgx, bgy) for green and (bbx, bby) for blue, in order to obtain the encrypted images for each of the three color components. In the final step, these three encrypted image are combined to get the colored encrypted image e(x, y). Figure 1: The color image encryption algorithm B. Recommended Decryption Algorithm The decryption process is described in Figure (2). The encrypted image is first decomposed into three primary color components. FRT of fractional orders (-brx, -bry), (-bgx, -bgy) and (-bbx, -bby) are calculated for the red, green, and blue color components, respectively and are subsequently multiplied with random phase functions ÃŽ ¦*r2(u, v), ÃŽ ¦*g2(u, v), and ÃŽ ¦*b2(u, v) in the fractional domain, where * denotes complex conjugate. In the next step, the FRTs of the fractional orders (-arx,-ary) for red, (-agx,-agy) for green- and (-abx,-aby) for blue-color images are calculated. Furthermore, indexed image pi (x, y) is segregated and finally these three components color images are combined to get the decrypted image. Figure 2: The color image decryption algorithm Figure (3a) is the main Image of globe and our main Image that will be encrypted. Figure (3b) is lena picture that would be index image incorporated with the main image. P(x,y) that has been shown in Figure (3b), and index image has been shown in Figure (3c) and finally encrypted image resulted as Figure (3d). Now, in encryption process, we must arrange it like this and see that encrypted image of globe will be as follows after separation. Figure 3: The Result of encryption In the previous part, observed results of encryption and decryption. Outlined Algorithm of 15entering parameter involved generally that random phases could be considered as keys for encryption. Unsuitable selection of any keys during encryption will have negative results. Presence of many keys help in building system thats intensely safe against unpermitted accessibility it could be seen that encrypted images were completely safe against unpermitted time accessibility that has false fractional commands in all three channels. References   P. Refregier, B. Javidi, (1995), Double random Fourier plane encoding, Opt. Lett. 20(1): 767-778. B. M. Hennelly, J. T. Sheridan, (2003), Image encryption and the fractional Fourier transform, Optik, 114(2): 6-15. B. M. Hennelly, J. T. Sheridan, (2003), Double random fractional Fourier plane encoding, Optik, 114(1): 251-262. M. Joshi, K. Singh, (2007), Color image encryption and decryption for twin images in fractional Fourier domain, Optics Communications, 281(1): 5713-20. M. Joshi, K. Singh, (2007), Color image encryption and decryption using fractional Fourier transform, Optics Communications, 279(1):35-42. Z. Liu, S. Li, (2007), Double image encryption based on iterative fractional Fourier transforms, Optics Communications, 275(1): 324-329. Y. Wang, S. Zhou, (2011), A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Fractional Fourier Transform, IEEE, 978(1): 4244. X. Feng, X. Tian, Sh. Xia, (2011), A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based On Fractional Fourier Transform and Magic Cube Rotation, IEEE, 978(1): 4244-9306

The Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia Essay -- Oresteia Essay

The Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia    The cyclic thread of vengeance runs like wild fire through the three plays in Aeschylus’s Oresteia. This thread, with its complexity of contemporary and universal implications lends itself quite well to – in fact, almost necessitates – deeply interested study. While a brief summary of the Oresteia will inevitably disregard some if not much of the trilogy’s essence and intent, on the positive side it will establish a platform of characters, events, and motives with which this paper is primarily concerned. As such, I begin with a short overview of the Oresteia and the relevant history that immediately precedes it. The house of Atreus is cursed, it would seem, with the perpetual cycle of vengeance, the law of an eye for an eye. The curse originated with Tantalus, who angered the gods by feasting them on the flesh of his own son, Pelops. Pelops was restored by the gods and effected the birth of two sons, Thyestes and Atreus. Thyestes angered his brother by seducing his wife and challenging his claim to the throne. Consequently, Thyestes was banished from the kingdom, only to be summoned back by Atreus in false friendliness. Atreus, in the mode of his grandfather, feasted the unknowing Thyestes on small bits of Thyestes’ own children. Upon discovery of his doing, the distraught Thyestes fled into exile with his only remaining son, Aegisthus. The Agamemnon picks up with Agamemnon and Menelaus, sons to Atreus, who joined together in the war of Troy after Paris, son of Priam, seduced Helen, wife to Menelaus. Angered by his ruthless man-sacrifices in the war, Artemis required that Agamemnon take the life of his daughter Iphigeneia in order to save the army and fleet o... ...y nature one who questions, one who hesitates, one who considers his own actions from a variety of perspectives. This, by far, appears to be both the simplest and most sound argument. As Oedipus’s persistent pursuit of truth and constantly questioning nature made him a hero in Sophocles’ Oedipus, so did the similar nature of Orestes in the Oresteia.    Works Cited          Aeschylus. â€Å"The Oresteia.† Aeschylus: The Oresteia. Tran. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1979. 99-277.    Aristotle. Poetics. Tran. Gerald F. Else. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1986.    Finley, John H. Jr. Pindar and Aeschylus. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1955.    ---. Four Stages of Greek Thought. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1966.    Pollitt, J. J. Art and Experience in Classical Greece. London: Cambridge UP, 1979.    Taplin, Oliver. Greek Tragedy in Action. London: Routledge, 1993.

Religion and Ecology Essay

Every thread of the problems faced by the present human society can be traced back to first industrial revolution of late 18th century and early 19th century that took place in Britain and from where it was embraced by the entire world. The industrial revolution set in motion the process of changes that have since then subsequently transformed the character of not only human society but of entire earth (Gatta, 7). Air, water, land and sky, all bear the effects of the changes inflicted by human march through industrial revolution and the effects have not been pleasant by any order. The modern society is the product of new-classical theory of economics and the anthropocentric view of environment, both of which advocates completely human centered progress and development utilizing all the resources and potentials of the nature and the environment around them (Nassar, 40-46). This view has been at the core of all the human activities and development planning taking place since more than 200 years now and it has encouraged massive rate of consumption and utilization of all the natural resources at an ever increasing scale. As almost a direct evidence of the expanding human footprint on earth, our population has increased from 1 billion to around 7 billion in past 150 years (Gatta, 20). This growth is based on the foundation of an efficient but brutal system that mastered the art of misusing the full spectrum of available natural resources, causing their widespread destruction, contamination, and debilitation. Examples of this destruction can be seen in extensive deforestation around the world, rapid destruction of rainforests in Brazil and Africa, fertile soil erosion, severe contamination of several important rivers of world due to continuous effluence of industrial and municipal sewage, air pollution, ozone layer destruction, depletion of non renewable energy resources especially oil and natural gas, global warming and climatic change. The extensive damage to the natural resources and ecology has deeply imbalanced the natural system, creating a disharmony and conflict with human development and its environment. The destruction of ecology and nature have caused unprecedented rise in extinction rates of animals and plants, who have found their ecological niches disappearing due to human activities. The emergence of massive urban centers around the world where millions of people live within few square kilometers of area exert tremendous pressure on the environmental sources which has put earth’s biodiversity and consequently humanity’s own survival chances at risk (Gatta, 62). The threat that human development is causing to the entire living world, including its own self, has not remained unnoticed and there many global social and political movements have started during past 30 years, with sincere intentions and efforts to create and implement an alternative system of social and economic model where human interests and development share a symbiotic relationship with nature, environment and ecology; where advancement and development have mutual linkage across the entire natural continuum (Nassar, 68). These efforts have been so far varyingly successful, where some countries and regions have adopted one set of selective steps for ecological integration, while others have adopted different set of steps, all determined by their economic convenience and financial constructs (Gatta, 65-69). This has led to an inward analysis and evaluation process in ecology and environmental thinking, which looks at the very basics of our social development and structure and try to re-align them with many old and yet existing religious and community view of social development, which is embedded in ecology and environment. But the question of human pressure and influence on its ecology has several parallel sides, each of which poses its own crucial question. The first question that comes up is that, is human species is constrained by any limiting factor- does its growth and expansion has a maximum attainable size, or can it continue to swell indefinitely, maximizing the resources for itself, for its need for infinite consumption and consequently infinite growth? If this is not possible , then is it possible for human beings to exist and thrive in exact optimum conditions, where population growth, consumption requirements, and growth needs are exactly balanced with the ecosystem, and stay in this balance forever? If the attainment of this balance is not possible then does it mean that for its own survival humanity is causing destruction of other species, destabilizing the ecosystem, and tripping the biosphere? (Gatta, 141-147) Religion and Ecology While all the religions of world have a strong foundation in ethical learning and teachings, with distinct emphasis on concepts of good and bad, divine presence, and determinism, the ancient cultures and indigenous traditions have taken this concept much further to include divinity and God as a part of their local environment and daily living system. The essential principle is same in all the religions, which states that God has created the entire world, including all the nature features, plants and animals, and human beings. However, as it is seen, some of the earlier interpretations of modern religions, such as Christianity, took a rather human centric religious approach (Gatta, 208). In essence, they popularized the notion that man is designed to be the ultimate consumer of all the natural resources, or in other words, the whole natural world exists in order to serve and meet human needs and requirements. This view in considered as one of the acting principle behind neo classical theory of economics as well as anthropocentric world view as discussed earlier. The view of ancient and traditional cultures and religions does not take such an exclusive view of human influence. For example it does not recognize human beings as isolated and separated from their surrounding environment and ecology, neither it sees humans as controller of the natural resources and final arbitrator of their destiny (Nassar, 71). The learning that we receive from these traditional cultures and religions is that we must recognize ourselves as parts of a widely distributed and ranging biotic communities and ecosystems, each of which has its own important role to play in design and creation of God and nature. Human beings occupy a very important niche in nature, but yet its only one of the numerous niches, while the complete scope of the ecology goes much beyond the human considerations and interests (Gatta, 219). Then, there are many internal and subtle relations present between man’s interaction with nature and vice versa. Ecology is not only a biological function of our existence but it also regulates the cultural gradient, the behavioral landscape and the social outlook of people. Therefore, when we deeply disturb the ecosystem through persistent and determined set of harmful activities- acidification of natural resources, toxifying land and water bodies, resource depletion, modification and destruction of habitats and unintended or deliberate elimination of native species, then we destroy our cultural tie from the ecosystem. Howe we act and when we act should always remain attuned to our environmental and ecological perspective. The lessons from the past, and the ecological wisdom of ancient religions should form our guiding principles at every stage of intervention or interference in the ecosystem. Taking a step ahead, it should create a pro-active approach to look into the possible avenues of meaningful interference and interaction to search for, identify and implement the ways in which our impact on our own ecosystem is as free of protuberance as possible (Gatta, 223-232). Our actions should be well reasoned out and their consequences considered in all the possible ranges. The ecosystem balance is dependent upon a vast number of factors, many of them yet unknown or improperly understood, and therefore even an unintended disturbance on our part produce enormous and unexpected ecological backlash. These backlashes symbolize the failure of man’s relation with nature, failure of the understanding and appreciation of ecosystem’s intrinsic value in defining the human niche, and a failure to secure corrective steps to improve the interaction. The ancient and indigenous cultures, such as Inca, red Indians, Buddhism and Chinese culture, took a very different view of the role of humanity in the nature’s order. They did not see nature and its bountiful gifts as resources that require taming, mastering and exploitation. Quite contrary, they viewed man in a wholesome, nurturing and co-dependent relation with the nature, where every aspect of nature, whether it’s a tree or an animal, shares a relationship with the man. Explaining the meaning and depth of this relationship, the older religions and cultures state that as the entire nature is a creation of the God, therefore it’s every part is a close a representation of God, and hence their destruction or violation is a direct violation of God’s own creation (Gatta, 237-241). This idea is further developed in eastern religions where man is viewed as just one part of the infinite range of nature’s creations, with no superiority or ascendency accorded to him over other forms of life or natural features. Human being hold a place in the continuum of natural order, but apart from their wisdom, there is nothing to distinguish them, or accord them the status of master of other resources. The implications of this view cut deep and profound, even for the standard of modern environmentalism and ecological movements. A majority of these movements still see the issue from the point of saving earth and nature from human desire and want of growth-insinuating a weak and fragile nature and a powerful human civilization which is threatening the vulnerable nature (Nassar, 91-96)! This is Older traditions, cultures and religions, take quite an opposite view on this issue, where they see human beings as fragile, vulnerable and dependent upon the nature for their own survival. Nature, on the other hand is all powerful, protean, strong, and controlling lives and deaths-in fact nature is deemed so powerful that it is worshipped in many ancient civilizations and we can see why- the human survival is impossible if the nature dies around (Nassar, 107-111). We have always considered the nature and ecology as taken for granted in our environment; however, if we once stop to consider the situation when all the standing forests have been cut down, all the rivers polluted and turned into industrial sewage, all the natural diversity in animal and vegetation life lost on account of human exploits then it is not difficult to see that the this situation signifies the end of humanity as well-with no resources left, no natural cover to fall back, and left in a barren and dry world, human beings would run out of their capacity to struggle and survive (Gatta, 151-156). Thus the teachings of the indigenous cultures and older religions is towards ingraining humanity into a natural system that is based on mutual benefit, organic growth and interdependent development. This is a holistic, broad, and profound approach, which makes man a factor in the nature’s grand design of world, brining understanding, compassion, humbleness and realization of the coherence and integrity that is pre-requisite for our existence. Reference Gatta, John. Making Nature Sacred: Literature, Religion, and Environment in America from the Puritans to the Present. Oxford University Press, 2004. 291 p. Nasar, Sayyed Hossein. Religion & the Order of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1996 . 312 p

Crime And Punishment In America

Crime And Punishment In America Crime is something wrongfully done against another person, place, or thing. Too much of the wrong thing is being done in the fight against "vice and sin" . Religion impacts laws in various ways, laws are based on religion and our religion instills in us, our morals. Since the morals of the community are what the laws are based on in turn religion has a great impact on the laws. Freedom for women revolutionized the employment for women, it created a new independence they were no longer restricted to the kitchen. The progressive movement impacted the fight against by making alcohol illegal which in turn only made the people who wanted it, try harder, and the people who didn't want to put in the extra effort, experiment with other drugs or stimulants such as opium, cocaine, and marijuana. Organized crime also began once prohibition was enforced. I believe prostitution was legalized in the State of Nevada because they most likely figured that Nevada was a state where the rules didn't apply, in general most of the implemented laws were not implemented and this was a tourist attraction to certain people who enjoyed getting away with certain things such as gambling and buying sex.Al Capone. Mugshot information from Science and So...Bingo was considered a crime in this video since the church was gambling for money. In America gambling is viewed as something everybody does at one time or another and some get addicted to, but no matter what, the people on the receiving end make a whole lot of money. Community standards are the morals of a community since many communities are very different in what they believe is right and wrong.The internet has opened up a totally new area of crime, such as internet fraud, hacking into web sites databases, stealing credit card numbers, stealing identities...

Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Essays

Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Essays Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Paper Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Paper When President Barack Obama entered the white house, he made reform of the American health care system, making it his top domestic priority. United States of America spends nearly twice the amount of average developed countries but record of healthcare is dismal. Infant mortality is higher, life expectancy is lower than other countries, plus the negative health statistics that shows Americans to be twice as likely to be obese. Here is the current healthcare coverage situation in the United States. Employers provide their employees with healthcare and insurance coverage. Others sign up for insurance scheme. Under most plans, people are required to pay part of the cost (deductible) and this varies according to their plan. Some employers stopped offering insurance to employees due to the high cost. : A writer of the BBC News states that one problem America is facing on healthcare today is the cost. America spends 16.2% of GDP nearly twice the average of other countries in the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Another issue is coverage where in it is estimated that in 2008 46.3 million people in America, out of a population of 300 million, were uninsured. There were also millions of Americans who were considered â€Å"under-insured† (2010). US declares half of personal bankruptcies as the result of medical expenses paid by someone without insurance or with inadequate cover when they fall ill. This is because these people are obligated to pay their medical expenses out of their own pocket. The US government has been spending more and more on Medicare and Medicaid and this is one of the biggest contributing factors to the spiraling US budget deficit. On March 21, 2010, the House of Representatives passed the biggest reform of health care in the country for 40 years (BBC News, 2010). This will provide healthcare for 30 million uninsured Americans. According to the CBS News Capitol Hill Producers, it would cost $940 billion over ten years. It will expand its coverage to 32 million uninsured Americans. This will take coverage across the country to 95 percent. Its main provision is to make health insurance almost mandatory, with exceptions to the low-income people. This will prevent insurers to deny coverage to people who have pre-existing medical conditions. This will also reduce the price of drugs available to the public (Cairns, 2010). The changes, Obama said, would help reduce the federal deficit by $100bn over the next 10 years, by dealing with misuse, fraud and abuse. Individuals and families who have income between the 133 percent and 400 percent of poverty level would be able to purchase insurance through state-based exchanges with subsidies. They are not eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, or be covered by their employers, though. CBS News laid the plans of the Healthcare reform bill. Starting in 2012, the Medicare Payroll Tax will be extended to include unearned income (2010).   Insurance companies will pay 50% excise tax on high-end insurance plans in 2018. There will also be 10 percent excise tax on indoor tanning services. Medicaid will also be expanded to include 133 percent of federal poverty level. This reform will help establish health standard boards wherein there will be an annual health budget for the nation to limit both public and private expenses. There will also be a clear out on billing fraud and eliminate incentives that encourage abuse. Government spending on Medicare and Medicaid is sustainable with the health care reform. The cost will increase from 6% to 15% of GDP by 2040 (Amadeo, K., 2010). Drug price gouging would also be stopped. Health care reform will bring down prescription drug prices. It will eliminate tax breaks for drug companies that raise their prices fast. It will also discourage drug companies from expending more on marketing than on research and development (Luce, G. and Dutton, T., 1993). The new bill suggests increase in the economic well-being of about two-thirds of a percent of GDP per year. This is visible when taking into consideration the comparison of the total benefits of coverage to the uninsured and the total cost of insuring them (whitehouse.gov, n.d.). Decent health care insurance will be affordable to Americans with creditable efforts to control the health care inflation rate. There is no guarantee yet that this new policy will produce this degree of change, the benefits of having successful reform would be very important to Americans: individuals, businesses, and the economy itself. References: David Cairns. (2010). Obamacare Briefing: What US Health Reform Means. The First Post.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved July 9, 2010, from thefirstpost.co.uk/61246,news-comment,news-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   politics,obamas-triumph-what-us-healthcare-reform-bill-means-obamacare. Jackson, J. and Nolen, J. (2010). CBS New Politics. Health Care Reform Bill Summary: A Look   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At Whats in the Bill. Retrieved July 9, 2010, from cbsnews.com/8301-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   503544_162-20000846-503544.html Luce, G. and Dutton, T. (1993). Healthcare Reform: Models and Implications. Retrieved July 9,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2010, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n3_v47/ai_14122723/. Romulo, B. D. (2010).   There will be healthcare reform in the US. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved   Ã‚   July 9, 2010, from mb.com.ph/articles/236920/there-will-be-healthcare-  Ã‚   reform-us. The Economic Case for Health Care Reform. (n.d.).   Retrieved July 9, 2010, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/cea/TheEconomicCaseforHealthCareRefo  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   rm/ QA: US Healthcare Reform. (2010). One-Minute World News. Retrieved July 9, 2010, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8160058.stm.

I have detailed requirements on the photo Essay - 2

I have detailed requirements on the photo - Essay Example GMO’s have been in existence for a long time. GMO technology has been incorporated in both plants and animals. GMO is an organism that the genetic material has been changed by means of genetic engineering (GÃ ¶tz 1961). The technology helps in incorporating new trait to the living organism. Such traits may be resistance to herbicides, droughts, weeds, and some predators. The traits are derived from other organisms mostly bacteria. The technology has been dominant in plant. Plants have been produced that makes their chemicals for fighting insects as well as produce modified starch (GÃ ¶tz 1961). The technology is also in the advanced stage to produce food with high levels of vitamins as well as the antibiotics. The current trend in this technology employs incorporation of several traits to plants genome. GMO has been on the rise in the world. The major GM crop includes soy, maize, cotton, and rapseed. In fact, in 2008, there were over 100 billion hectares of cultivated GM crops (GÃ ¶tz 1961). Moreover, the number of countries practicing this technology has been on the rise. The technology has been prevalent in countries such as America, India, and China. However, it has received little acceptance in parts of Asia, Europe and Africa (GÃ ¶tz 1962). GMOs are considered beneficial in various ways. First, the technology has been shown to help in reducing agricultural costs (Lanton 2). Such costs are related to weeds, pests and crop diseases. This occurs through production of plants that are resistant to weeds, pest, and crop diseases. Moreover, the technology is seen as a way of achieving human needs of more food. This has been due to the burgeoning human population in the world. Consumers have questioned whether technology presents long-term health risks. A recent survey done in United States by New York Times found that three-quarters of the American population raised issues about health by having GMOs in their food

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market Essay - 1

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market structures - Essay Example The sellers have the aim to provide the products and services as per the highest quality standards and at a minimum price as compared to the competitors. Since all the sellers have the same objective, it creates the scenario of perfect competition where the buyers have the highest bargaining power (McNulty, 1967). In a perfectly competitive market, it is very difficult to choose between the products and services sold in the market. The firms tend to maximize profits under the strict conditions of a perfectly competitive market where the buyers and the sellers are aware of all the information of the market. The barriers to entry and exit from the market is very less. The returns to the investments do not have large scope of enhancement in future (Marshall, 2006). The monopoly market structure resembles the form of market where a certain product or services is manufactured or supplied by a single firm. The monopoly market signifies minimal competition among the firms operating in the market. The buyers also have practically no options to avail substitute products and services. In a monopoly market structure, the business is the price setter and has the ability to charge high prices (Mankiw, 2011). The customers in a monopoly market has the lowest bargaining power as there is no availability of substitute products and services.The government encourage monopoly in certain sectors in order to provide economic benefits to the people by reduction of the market risk. The barriers to entry into the monopoly market is very high. In a monopoly market, it is observed that only one firm tends to dominate the market supply. The price discrimination is observed as characteristics of the monopoly market as the sellers vary the price of the products in comp arison to the quantity of the products (Hall and  Lieberman, 2009). In several jurisdiction, the monopoly form of market structure is prohibited in