Types Of General Government Funded Health Care Systems

In the late 1800s the US proposed many types of general government-funded health care systems. Members of the government often believed that they were beginning to making headway with the proposals but later on they would receive the devastating news of being turned down yet again. One of the earliest systems to be passed was compulsory sickness insurance which was formed in 1883 in the country of Germany. Results from compulsory sickness insurance created a large stepping stone and began to fuel the thought (in many other developed countries minds) of creating a strong structured universal healthcare system. Of course these systems weren’t originally universal but later in time developed into being universal through many changes and thoughts. European countries originally began these health care systems to stabilize income and make sure if somebody was sick and could not work they were still capable of paying off their medical expenses. The United States’ federal government didn’t in fact deal with the program themselves. The United States’s federal government simply put the program on the states agenda instead of carrying it out on their own. The states then handed down the duty down to private programs and voluntary organizations. The United States didn’t have a legislative program during this time of the late 1800s and early 1900s making it much more strenuous for the United States to provide what was necessary to make the program run smoothly. Bills toShow MoreRelatedHealth Care System : The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland971 Words   |  4 Pages health care system is defined as a group of people joining together to deliver health care services to a population. There are various types of health systems with different organizational structures. England is one of the top ranked countries providing best healthcare. Its health systems has developed according to its population needs and resourc es. This paper will give a brief summary outlining current health care issues in England and illustrate an understanding of the political, economic, andRead MoreA Brief Note On Norwegian Health Care System Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesrichest country in the world and health care plays a huge part in the Norwegian society. Health care in Norway is thought to be more beneficial to the public, when compared to the U.S., in that they try their hardest to ensure that everyone there has access to health care. In this essay I will be comparing the Norwegian health care system to the United States health care system. Norway’s health care system is a socialized health care system. This system is state funded and is paid for by the nationalRead MoreHealthcare Finance1518 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States health care spending grew 3.9 percent. The total health care expenditures reached $2.6 trillion, which translates to $8,402 per person or 17.9 percent of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Health care spending plays a major role in shaping our countrys health care system. Financing health care influences how people access health care, the types of health care provided, and how the cost of health care is distributed among members of society by income and by health status. TheRead MoreUs Health Care System Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEADER: Health Care Systems in the U.S. Health Care Systems in the U.S. By Terry Scott University of Phoenix HCS/531 – Health Care Organizations and Delivery Systems Kenneth Feldman November 7, 2011 This paper will review the U.S. Health Care System and evaluate what a health care system is, implications of beliefs and values on a health care system, provide examples of various models of health care used in American and explain how the health care system applies to modelsRead MoreBenefits Of The Canadian Healthcare System1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canadian healthcare system is a public funded single payer system that offers universal coverage to every Canadian legal resident. The national health insurance program is network of provincial and territorial health insurance programs that all have common characteristics and offer basic standard of service. The insurance program is designed to offer coverage for the medically necessary hospital care, outpatient physician services, diagnostic, chronic and rehabilitative, and acute services. (LasseyRead MoreComparative Studies1237 Words   |  5 Pagesare many forms of health care organizations, they are grouped by their financial structures, and sources of funding. The three types that exist in the United States are for-profit, non-profit, and government funded organizations. The financial resources and how profit is appropriated are different amongst all three types of organizations. Government Funded The most well-known government funded health care system is the Department of Veterans Affairs. This health care system is unique in thatRead MoreHealth Care Delivery And Health Services Delivery1245 Words   |  5 Pages†The United States has a unique system of health care delivery. For the purposes of this discussion, â€Å"health care delivery† and â€Å"health services delivery† can have slightly different meaning, but in a broad sense, both terms refer to the major components of the system and the processes that enable people to receive health care. In a more restricted sense, the terms refer to the act of providing health care services to patients†¦,† (Major Characteristics, n.d.). Concepts, Principles and ApplicationRead MoreSwitzerland Health Care System993 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States’s and Switzerland’s health care systems are compared and analyzed for this written assignment. The United states do not have a universal health care system. It has a regulated healthcare market system composed of private insurance companies, health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations. Tricare is health insurance for military, spouses,dependents and beneficiaries.(Cherry, B, (2014)) Government funded programs provide health coverage for the unemployed, elderlyRead MoreThe Australian Health Care System Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Australian health care system is a highly functioning and accessible system based on universal principles of access and equity†. This essay discusses the history and inception of the Australian Healthcare system, how it is funded through the Government and the public income. How and where healthcare is delivered and its effectiveness, including issues and priorities according to current healthcare policies and national standards. The Indigenous Australian people have practiced traditional â€Å"healthcare†Read MoreHealth Care System in France 1715 Words   |  7 Pagesthe health care system throughout the world, while the United States of America (U.S) is ranked 37th (Sharipo, 2008). U.S currently spends around 8,233 dollars per person on health care (Kane, 2012). France spends on average 3300 dollars per person on health care (Sharipo, 2008). Nevertheless, the U.S still spends 17.6 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) goes to the health care system, while France spends 11.4 percent (Kane, 2012). If U.S spends 17.6 percent of the GDP on the health care

Essay about Comparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William...

Comparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Of the many poetic works by William Blake, The Lamb and The Tyger show a large amount of similarity, as well as differences, both in the way he describes the creatures and in the style he chose to write them. The reader will find many similarities in these two poems. Both of them discuss the creation of the creatures by God. The lines, Little Lamb, who made thee? and What immortal hand or eye could frame thy fearful symmetry clearly show that the poet is referring to a being who is capable of creating life (538). These two poems are also alike in the aspect that they both talk about the object viewed in the eyes of the common man. The Lamb is†¦show more content†¦The use of questions is also highly utilized in the two written works. This makes the reader ponder the subject discussed in the poem. The words thy, thou, thine, and thee present in the poems show that both of them were written in the deferential language of the Bible. Although The Lamb and The Tyger share many similarities, they also have some differences. The poems suggest that the lamb and the tiger were both created by the same creator. The poems read together also raise some interesting questions. How could a creator create a soft, gentle, loving creature, and with the same hand construct a dangerous creature? How could the creators hand make a creature with the softest clothing of delight, then grab the fire that is in the tigers eye? Blake suggests God seemed pleased with his creation of the lamb and felt a feeling of fear and regretfullness after creating the tiger. In The Lamb, William Blake compares the lamb to the Baby Jesus. In contrast, he uses earthly features such as night, fire, skies, and forests to describe the mighty tiger. The two poems also show differences in the way they were written. Instead of using alternating two and six lined stanzas like he used in The Lamb, Blake uses constant four-lined stanzas to provide his image of his tiger. The titles also reveal different spellings. The lamb is spelled as it was intended, simple, short, and sweet. In BlakesShow MoreRelated Comparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesComparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake This essay will focus on the enchanting poem, The Lamb which is taken from the Songs of Innocence which will be compared and contrasted with the mysterious poem, The Tyger, which is taken from the Songs of Experience. The poem of The Lamb represents the childs early years whereas The Tyger portrays an adult (the dominator). Blake has constructed these two poems from natural views and by comparing and contrastingRead More Comparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesComparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake In this essay I am going to analyse, compare and contrast two poems by William Blake. They are called The Lamb and The Tyger. I will be looking at how Blake uses imagery, structure and form to create effects and how the environment that Blake lived in affected the way he wrote his poems. In the late 18th century, the world was changing and developing into a new world quite fast. Blake was born in London, the third of five childrenRead MoreThe Lamb and the Tyger Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tyger and The Lamb by William Blake, written in 1794 included both of these poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Song of Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. These two poems are meant to be interpreted in a comparison and contrast. They share two different perspectives, those being innocence and experience. To Blake, innocence is not better than experience. Both states haveRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lamb and The Tyger In the poems The Lamb and The Tyger, William Blake uses symbolism, tone, and rhyme to advance the theme that God can create good and bad creatures. The poem The Lamb was in Blakes Songs of Innocence, which was published in 1789. The Tyger, in his Songs of Experience, was published in 1794. In these contrasting poems he shows symbols of what he calls the two contrary states of the human soul (Shilstone 1). In The Lamb, Blake uses the symbol of theRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger1493 Words   |  6 Pageswriters who recorded their artistic and emotional responses to the natural world, William Blake explores the concept of life’s dualities and how this concept applied to life in 18th Century Britain, as well as to the relationship between the body and spirit, in his most popular works, Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul (1794). Two standout poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† respectively taken from Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, demonstrateRead MoreEssay Comparing the Lamb and the Tyger in In Songs of Innocence592 Words   |  3 PagesComparing the Lamb and the Tyger in In Songs of Innocence Children embody the very essence of innocence. They see the world through virgin eyes, hear life with fresh ears and create the world with a simple mind and pure heart. It is about the only time in a persons life when the weight of sin, corruption, egotism, and hatred are not blurring their vision and thoughts. It is the only time a person is completely free. But this state of innocence becomes separated and exiled once experienceRead MoreEssay on The Symmetry: A World with Both Lamb and Tiger1063 Words   |  5 Pages Why did God create both gentle and fearful creatures? Why did God create a world with bloodshed, pain and terror? The Tyger by William Blake, written in 1794 and included in his collection Songs of Innocence and Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. Blake sees a necessity for balance in the world, and suggests to the readers that God created a world with a balance of good and evil soRead More The Lamb vs. The Tyger By William Blake Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lamb and The Tyger written by William Blake. Both these poems have many underlying meanings and are cryptic in ways and both poems are very different to each other. In this essay I will be analysing the two poems, showing my opinions of the underlying themes and backing them up with quotes from the poems. I will compare the poems looking at the similarities and differences between them and also look at each one individually focusing on the imagery, structure and the poetic devices William BlakeRead More Comparing William Blakes The Tyger and The Lamb Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesComparing William Blakes â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Lamb† William Blake is referred to as many things, including poet, engraver, painter and mystic, but he is probably most famous for his poetry. Blake began writing the poems below in about 1790 whilst living in Lambeth, London. His poetry has a wide range of styles but his most famous poems are those from â€Å"Songs of Innocence† and Song of Experience†. The two sets of poems are designed to show different states or ways of seeing. They are Blakes

Management Development Process - Leadership Learning and Development

Question: Discuss about the Management Development Process - Leadership Learning and Development. Answer: Introduction The effectiveness and proficiency of a system along with manpower has an implacable impact on the organisations performance. The efficiency of the management both in the private and public sector considered to have significant importance determining its success or failure. Considering that organisations across different industries have started to pay more attention on upgrading the skills and knowledge of its mangers. In other words, setting higher performance level of these managers through management development practices. The shifting nature of the organisation demands a higher level of competencies that may sometime evolves naturally in the system or mostly introduced to the mangers through development and training programs. The essay would discuss numerous theories and models suggested by scholars to support achieving a successful management development. A blend of both education and experience is required to propose change in the traditional management philosophy. Therefore, mangers would need a balance of technical, conceptual and social knowledge through management development programs (Werner DeSimone., 2009). The study will discuss the conceptual understanding of new global economy, its implication on the organization and over the managers leads to their development initiative. Also conducts a critical evaluation over the existing Management Development models theories and extent to which they create better managers in view of business perspective. Management Development The concept of management development has been explained in numerous ways with different perspective of management, human resource and leadership. It is said to be a structural process through which managers enhance their skills, knowledge and competencies using formal and informal learning methods (Wexley Baldwin, 1986). These methods idealise to improvise the performance of both organisation or at individual level. According A Carter (2002), the changing nature of organization in the face of technology or striving competition, management development faces change in demand creating continuous upheavals in the organisation. Every work in the organization is majorly concerned with being effective. One of the key factor of achieving organizational effectiveness is a successful management of introducing change and innovation. A learning organization comes to the picture to advocate and implement change in the management procedures. The process of Management Development and leadership is majorly considered as a process of learning for managers and leaders through recognised opportunities provided by the processes (Sadler-Smith, 2011). As cited by Boyatzis, (1982) a manager is a person whose concept of the organisation in based on the competitive advantage, the work of manager is starts from planning till providing results. On the other hand, leader is the one who has organisational philosophy rooted in its practice and mission; he inspires, motivate as well as can implement change in the system (Campbell, et al., 2003). The three most important factors those account for maximum organisational success are Role Concept; it is about how an individual seek his or her approach towards organisational goal and invest time accordingly; Management/leadership skills, the extent to which an individual has upgraded its skills and Inner-game of management explains the inner mind-set that an individual need to controls, source of self-esteem etc. therefore, management development intervention may cover all the areas such as planning , organising, implementing of strategies, coordinating and resources of people, depending upon the nature of the organisation, management role as well as factors such as career planning, etc (Burgoyne, et al., 2004). As quoted by CIPD, (2014) The word leadership mostly interchange with the term management but it reflects only few features advocating the managers role, also they are not always associated with the formal role or functioning of the manager. Irrespective of their differential the general management activities is commonly associated with all the managers which also includes the first line supervisors, need to showcase leadership qualities at some level. Purpose of Management Development The term manager covers a larger area of work competencies required at every level moving the ladder from middle management to the senior management, handling a team of diverse line managers. It is the manager who often takes the role of project management along with its team of individuals, all with different management development need. CIPD, (2012) suggested that managers at each level require certain skill enhancement associated with people management role, all these skills are required to be developed. It may be a mistake to consider well-qualified people taking promotion would naturally assimilate in the role of people management and other responsibilities assigned to them. Process of Management Development As cited by Tejinder Sharma, (2012) Management development accruing as a result of learning is mainly divided into three categories integrated managerial process, informal managerial process and formal management development process. Learning is a natural process it eventually leads to effective planning, management development is a result of effective planning. The informal managerial development process also called as accidental processes occurs within managerial activities. It has an intension of task performance, may not be planned in advance and has no clear development objectives. Integrated managerial process occurs within managerial activities, having an explicit intension of enhancing both task as well as performance. It is way more structured, planned and is reviewed beforehand, resulting in the development by boss and subordinates (CEML., 2002). Unlike informal process it is owned by the managers with clear development objectives. The formal management development process is way more planned other than the normal managerial activities. The prime intention of this process was managerial development and are therefore structured as per the development need by the developer. This process is also planned beforehand and are reviewed time-and-again to assimilate the learning experiences. This process is owned more by the developers than the managers (Sharma, 2012). As suggested by Holman (2000), four approaches can be related to management development such as: Academic Liberalism i.e. through academic resources; experimental liberalism i.e. something that comes through experience; experimental vocational i.e. where the managers experience comes through from practices within the organisation and experimental critic, it is where the learnings has been sought by the managers by becoming critical. The Academic liberalism is provided by universities through different courses or programs facilitated at managerial levels. This was also sought that education is not the only resort to yearn knowledge and skills, therefore work experience is valued at a larger level. It was realised that experience derived from work in hand can prove to be more powerful than book knowledge. Management development has a prime focus over improving the individual as well as organisational performance through a designed and structured learning process. CIPD (2014) cited, along with the employee belonging to other group, having an initial consideration way ahead in the process planning the management development is required to identify the skills that are required by the organisation, group and individual. To plan management learning and development activities it is important to analyse i.) audit the current as well as analyse the future organization development needs in terms of what knowledge and skill they may require along with the pool of management skill an organization may require today as well as in future. ii.) Conducting an assessment of the current as well as potential capabilities of the existing manager workforce within the organization. iii.) producing as well as implementing management development plans, policies and practices to meet identified need through e ducation and training program. In order to conduct a need assessment of the managers as suggested by CIPD (2010), are management competence which stands for a comparison between the existing competencies with the required ones via a specific competency framework in other words Competency Based Approach and other method is through the development centres. These development centres help analyse an individual on the basis of its set criterion and gives a clear picture of individuals competencies as well as capabilities to the organisation. Multi rates Feedback and full 360-degree feedback are also considered to analyse the individual performance and requirement of management development initiative. Changing Dimension of New Global Economy The worldwide expansion of economies is creating possibilities for existing industries to explore new markets and wider customer segment. The international exploration with limitless boundaries, having minimal government regulation is creating new world for existing organisation across the globe. The dynamic level of competition across industries are emphasising industries to explore new markets with diverse cultures, needs and languages. The global organization fear the challenge of retaining management and global staffing with a workforce that has diverse nature of language skills, culture and different set of priorities. Considering the changing trends, the organisations would need to adapt to management development practices to help them adapt to the diverse global and labour market conditions (Hirish Carter, 2001). To customised the existing pool of management workforce with the evolving economic trend, management development process initiates practices and approach that involves changing the core competencies of the managers. Practices supporting to management development are imperative to help managers adapt to the new organisations culture along with promoting certain ethical values in the system (Friedman Westring, 2015). The process of management development would help senior managers to learn to delegate human resource responsibilities to the line managers, create corporate unification after a successful merger acquisition and enhancing exposure to international as well as global markets. Management development approach to respond to the changing global market need to be anticipatory, to prepare mangers so that they can contribute to long-term success of the organisation; reactive, the managers are capable to respond to unexpected changes or are competent enough to resolve performance related issues; motivational, the managers are required to be motivated enough to have a success career (Burgoyne, et al., 2004). Theories and Models of Management Development Management development is a process that needs to be inculcated in the system to upgrade the skills, knowledge and capability of managers to perform at their best level. The approach to create a workforce adaptive to the changing trend as well as management of workforce as a team acts as a management development theories and models. Action Learning as cited by CIPD, (2012) is based on an argument that in a dynamic and turbulent business environment the rate of learning exceeds the rate at which the organization is changing. This demands for an organization to stay ahead of competition and stay effective on the same hand. This action based learning mainly facilitates inquiry that enables managers to respond to certain insightful questions, along with that develop the ability to ask similar insightful question as a part of its operational activity. This activity mainly aims at solving problems in group and are considered as a better technique than those traditional form of learning. In some research it has been proved that Action learning is an effective management development technique, providing more opportunity to motivate the managers for future improvement (McCall, 2004). Coaching serves as a primary task function that is practiced to primarily improvise individual employees performance by taking an informal help or through a set of instruction of a skilled colleague. Coaching is one of the prime work-based methods that allows one-on-one training, personally tailored as per the need of an individual in confidence with the manager. The process of coaching in an organization targets higher performance leading to advancement at work level and also focusing on particular skills and goals of the management (CIPD., 2014). As argued by Sandler-Smith (2011), coaching was identified as an unsuccessful tool in many cases due to lack of integration with other LD activities or wrong type of coaching provided. A viable example to coaching was found with Sainsbury supermarket where coaching was successfully implemented to improvise the competitiveness of its senior managers. The program was proved to be cost saving from recruitment perspective, helping deputy mange rs move up the ladder to managerial position. Mentoring process is where a mentee learns from a mentor having more experience than him on an assigned task or management functioning in general. The evaluation, management and training group has identified certain pitfall that affect mentor programs identified 6 pitfall of the system i.e. lack of managers commitment in the process, inadequate person to run the mentorship program, lack of interrelated goals, superficial contact between individual and mentor, lack of partnership and absence of special features in the program. Conclusion In short, management development has a significant importance to achieve higher performance as well as managerial effectiveness, improving the managers performance and overall capacity. In the new global economy, management development helps managers to adapt to the frequent changes taking place, as a result of expansion or MA. Management development contribute to long-term success and resolve performance related issues. Coaching, Mentoring and active learning as some of the important theories and models of management development. References Burgoyne, J., Hirsh, W. Williams, S., 2004. The Development of Management and Leadership, UK: Lancaster University. Burgoyne, J., Hirsh, W. Williams, S., 2004. The Development of Management and Leadership Capability and its Contribution to Performance: the evidence, the prospects and the research need., London: Department for Education and Skills, Research Report. Bushe, G. Marshak, R., 2009. Revisioning organization development: Diagnostic and dialogic premises and patterns of practice. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 45(3), pp. 68-348. CEML., 2002. The contribution of the UK business school to developing managers and leaders, London: Council of excellence in Management and Laedership. CIPD., 2014. Management Development. [Online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/management-development.aspx [Accessed 14 July 2016]. Friedman, S. D. Westring, A., 2015. Empowering individuals tointegrate work and life: insightsfor management development. Journal of Management Dev elopment, 34(3), pp. 308-312. Hirish, W. Carter, A., 2001. New Direction in Management Development, UK: The institute of employement studies. Sadler-Smith, E., 2011. Leadership learning and development for managers, Scotland: Edinburgh Napier University.

Current Situation of Humanistic Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: Discuss about the Current Situation of Humanistic Management. Answers: Introduction: From the video, it is to be understood that taylorism has made significant contributions through changing the way of machine functioning, hence, enhancing the productivity. Fredrick Taylor has focused on the machines, industries and the mechanical drives in order to make sure that the production is speeding up (Bahrin et al. 2016). He has changed the entire process of managing the trade and labour market by concentrating on manufacturing simple and less costly cars. He had guided his workers and had divided their tasks into different sections, helping in the production of most efficient scientific shovelling. Taylor has scheduled their working hours in a thought that workers will be more satisfied when there will be rise in productivity. This idea of his has improved both the speed and efficiency of managing tasks. Along with this, this idea has also helped in bringing in huge industrialisation. As a result, it was seen that the workers were unsatisfied with the increase in their wor king hours. Hence, the workers in in Australia, America or Europe would not accept the concept of Taylorism in this form today. Yes, Taylorism could be seen in call centres, as people there would work longer hours in order to improve their productivity. As according to Taylorism, the concept of organised efficiency is the core aspect of managing business of not only car manufacturing companies or food manufacturing companies but is also there in the call centres as well (Mele 2013). Although it also the fact that the workforce is not happy with longer working hours system and it is one of the major problems in current days that has the potential to slow down the speed of business and could also result in business performance degradation. Fredrick Taylor has monitored every action of the workers and also pressurised them for increasing their level of production. Now a day, in call centres, the workers are given specific targets by the centre head to achieve within the assigned deadline, notwithstanding the situations or problems they might be facing in achieving their target. Such management favours the concep t of Taylorism. Though this clip has shown the history from 100 years ago, but still the ideas could not be considered as totally out of date. Though the world has moved on, but this idea is still lingering in todays world. There are many who are totally against the concept of Taylorism but still, there are people in todays era who believes that taylorism has played a great in improving the productivity of an organisation and it is also beneficial for workforce efficiency. Not only it has made great contribution to the business, but has also improved the life of the people via commitment and work. As stated by Taylor, more quantity of work would lead to more productivity and efficiency along with increase in speed of completion of work. However, with the introduction of advanced technologies, taylorism is not as influential in the present era as it was few years ago. Advancement in technologies has put less pressure on the workers and also has helped them in completing their tasks faster. As stated by Thomas Friedman there are many key drawbacks of living in the flat world of Globalisation 3.0. According to him, flat world is a platform with the absence of barriers. In this platform, people are free to communicate, collaborate and work along each other across the boundaries (Mohan 2015). However, there are certain disadvantages of living in a flat world of globalisation 3.0. Firstly, in this world, different people will posses different thoughts. With the same, the business ethics of the companies would lose their freedom. For example, MNCs would get shifted into the developing countries for reducing the cost. With the same, if there are no barriers, the people would start doing whatever they like to. They will start creating their own rules for conducting trade. Moreover, this theory of flat world would result in misunderstanding of the trends by the business executives. This in turn might result in strategic errors that are potentially very serious and at the same t ime is very risky as well. Yes, I agree with the Friedmans iron rule of the flat world. Advancement in new technologies would give people full freedom to do whatever they like to. For example, the case of Southwest airline is very common of all in this context. Southwest airline has consolidated a website where people could go online for the job of printing out and downloading their individual boarding passes equipped with bar code. In this way, every individual could become his own ticket agent and this will also let people to change them for learning something and to do whatever they like to do. No, globalization level is not uniform and invariable all around the world. It is very uneven in effects and process. The term globalization refers to the increase in integration in between the countries through opening the trade barriers and accessing capital and labour (Jaumotte and Papageorgiou 2013). It has also resulted in the countries introducing their markets in international completion. However, there are only few poor countries, which are still not grown or developed to that extent. Such poor countries are grown taking a long period of time, without introducing themselves in the trade market. It has also resulted in an international division of the labours between both currently developing and the developed countries. There are some countries where women work in agricultural sectors and they are less paid in comparison to the rest other countries. Globalization is also having an impact on the indigenous girls of Philippines in regards to health impacts. Along with that, glo balization has also resulted in imbalance in terms of ethnic, which have a very significant consequences for protecting and ensuring safety for the communities belonging from other parts of the world. Along with that, in some parts of the world, the Muslims are also being indicted for being involved in the events. Conclusion To sum up, this paper has the paper has thoroughly shed light on the concept of Taylorism through a systematic answering of the questions related to the video Ford and Taylorism. It is concisely shed light on Friedmans perception towards globalization that is growing with a fast pace in todays world. References Bahrin, M.A.K., Othman, M.F., Azli, N.H.N. and Talib, M.F., 2016. Industry 4.0: a review on industrial automation and robotic.Jurnal Teknologi,78(6), pp.137-143.. Jaumotte, F., Lall, S. and Papageorgiou, C., 2013. Rising income inequality: technology, or trade and financial globalization?.IMF Economic Review,61(2), pp.271-309. Mel, D., 2013. Antecedents and current situation of humanistic management.African Journal of Business Ethics,7(2), p.52. Mohan, B., 2015. Epilogue: Mendacity of Development. InGlobal Frontiers of Social Development in Theory and Practice(pp. 255-262). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck Essays - The Chrysanthemums, Elisa

Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck John Steinbeck wrote The Chrysanthemums in 1938. Steinbeck, as in many of his novels and short stories, depicts the life of poor, hard working people. In The Chrysanthemums, Steinbeck writes about a farmer's wife living in California. The couple lives on a farm, as many individuals did in that time. Steinbeck describes the physical and mental hardships of families living off the land. In the short story, The Chrysanthemums, Elisa is constantly with held from life because she is a woman. "On every side it (the valley) sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the great valley a closed pot." Under the lid was Salinas Valley, the home of Henry and Elisa Allen. Henry was a farmer who made a fair amount of money from his crops and stock. Elisa was Henry's wife; she had the hobby of taking care of her Chrysanthemums and the chore of being Henry's wife. In Elisa's garden, the Chrysanthemums grew with the work of her hands and the care of her heart. She seems to enjoy her garden immensely, but actually was trapped in it. She was trapped, because she felt that the only thing she could do was tend her garden. Henry tells Elisa that her flowers were very good last year and some of the yellow flowers were 10 inches across. Henry told Elisa, "I wish you'd work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big." Elisa said, "Maybe I could do it, too. I've a gift with things, all right." Henry changes the subject and starts talking about his livestock that he sold. Henry would not let her try her green thumb on the orchard, because of this, Elisa started to feel the pain of being a woman One day as Elisa was tending her garden, a wagon was passing on the road. Elisa looked up expecting the wagon to pass, but it did not. The wagon pulled up the driveway. Painted on the side of the wagon in sloppy words was, "Pots, pans, knifes, sisors, lawn mores, Fixed". A big, hairy man got out of the wagon and offered to fix her scissors for her. Elisa claimed she had nothing to be fixed. In hope of getting work, the man complimented her flower garden, and as he had planned, the two started talking. They talked about his being on the road. Elisa asked him about where he sleeps and where he lives. "Right in the wagon, ma'am. Rain or shine I'm dry as a cow in there." Elisa said, "It must be very nice. I wish a woman could do such things." The man replied, "It ain't the right kind of life for a woman." This is one instance where Elisa feels trapped as a woman. Elisa asked, "How do you know? How can you tell?" Elisa does not get an answer. He quickly changed the subject and started talking about her flowerbed. She told the man that the reason the Chrysanthemums were so big, is that her mother had planter hands that made plants grow and the hands were passed on to Elisa. He stated that someone down the road needed some Chrysanthemums. She was happy to share her garden; she put a Chrysanthemum bulb into a pot and handed it to the fix?all man. Elisa gave him special instructions for the care of the flowers. After this, Elisa decides to let him work, on a few aluminum saucepans. Elisa pays the man and he leaves. Now that the man was gone; Elisa ran to the house, tore off her soiled clothes, and took a hot shower. She scrubbed her body, hard and long, with a pumice stone. She needed to rid herself of the fix-all man. Elisa got out of the shower and looked at herself in the mirror. She looked at her naked body, sucking in her stomach and pushing out her chest. Elisa then put on her nicest under garments. She also put on her newest, favorite dress; the symbol of her prettiness. Soon, Henry comes in the room and says, "Why?why, Elisa you look so nice." Elisa replied, "Nice? You think I look nice? What do you mean by nice?" Henry replied, "I don't know. I mean you look different, strong, and happy." The couple leaves the house to go out to eat. As they were driving down the road, they pass the fix ?all man. She looked back and saw her flower bulbs and sands lying on the road.

Learn More About the History of Lasers

Learn More About the History of Lasers The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. It is is a device that emits a beam of light through a process called optical amplification. It distinguishes itself from other sources of light by emitting light in a spatially and temporally coherent manner. Spatial coherence keeps the beam within a narrow and tight path over long disances. This allows the energy generated to be used in applications such as laser cutting and laser pointing. Having temporal coherence means that can emit light within a narrow spectrum to generate a light beam of a specific color. In 1917, Albert Einstein first theorized about the process which makes lasers possible called Stimulated Emission. He detailed his theory in a paper titled Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Theory of Radiation). Today, lasers are used in a wide range of technologies including optical disk drives, laser printers and barcode scanners. They are also used in laser surgery and skin treatments as well as cutting and welding. Before the Laser In 1954, Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow invented the maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) using ammonia gas and microwave radiation. The maser was invented before the (optical) laser. The technology is very similar but does not use visible light. On March 24, 1959, Townes and Schawlow were granted a patent for the maser. The maser was used to amplify radio signals and as an ultra sensitive detector for space research. In 1958, Townes and Schawlow theorized and published papers about a visible laser, an invention that would use infrared and/or visible spectrum light. However, they did not proceed with any research at the time. Many different materials can be used as lasers. Some, like the ruby laser, emit short pulses of laser light. Others, like helium-neon gas lasers or liquid dye lasers, emit a continuous beam of light. The Ruby Laser In 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser considered to be the first successful optical or light laser. Many historians claim that Maiman invented the first optical laser. However, there is some controversy due to claims that Gordon Gould was the first and there is good evidence backing that claim. The Gordon Gould Laser Gould was the first person to use the word laser. Gould was a doctoral student at Columbia University under Townes, the inventor of the maser. Gould was inspired to build his optical laser starting in 1958. He failed to file for a patent his invention until 1959. As a result, Goulds patent was refused and his technology was exploited by others. It took until 1977 for Gould to finally win his patent war and receive his first patent for the laser. The Gas Laser The first gas laser (helium-neon) was invented by Ali Javan in 1960. The gas laser was the first continuous-light laser and the first to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. It has been used in many practical applications. Hall's Semiconductor Injection Laser In 1962, inventor Robert Hall created a revolutionary type of laser that is still used in many of the electronic appliances and communications systems that we use every day. Patel's Carbon Dioxide Laser The carbon dioxide laser was invented by Kumar Patel in 1964. Walker's Laser Telemetry Hildreth Walker invented laser telemetry and targeting systems. Laser Eye Surgery New York City ophthalmologist Steven Trokel made the connection to the cornea and performed the first laser surgery on a patients eyes in 1987. The next ten years were spent perfecting the equipment and the techniques used in laser eye surgery. In 1996, the first Excimer laser for ophthalmic refractive use was approved in the United States. Trokel patented the Excimer laser for vision correction. The Excimer laser was originally used for etching silicone computer chips in the 1970s. Working in the IBM research laboratories in 1982, Rangaswamy Srinivasin, James Wynne and Samuel Blum saw the potential of the Excimer laser in interacting with biological tissue. Srinivasin and the IBM team realized that you could remove tissue with a laser without causing any heat damage to the neighboring material. But it took the observations of Dr. Fyodorov in a case of eye trauma in the 1970s to bring about the practical application of refractive surgery through radial keratotomy.

Simple Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Simple - Coursework Example As a result, municipal government receives more money from selling tickets for the sports activities, but less money from sports substitutes. (AtlantaFed) It is clear, that while making plans to increase the revenues from sports, we need to think about the opportunity costs of introducing such activities. For example, the extra benefits from selling more tickets from a newly built stadium, which is much bigger than the old one, may be outstripped by the losses of movie theaters, restaurants and children entertainment facilities in the same city. This may happen, because the stadium will be visited mostly by the adults, while the movie theaters and restaurants will lose such customers as small children. They will not be able to go see cartoons, eat pancakes or ice-cream, see magic shows and ride a pony in amusement parks, as their parents will be busy preparing for and watching the professional game. The same may happen even within sports industry. For example, the people will go to the professional game, but will not go to a pool or a water park with their children, and thus these facilities will receive less profits than they expected. Even though they were not designed as facilities for professional sports, they still can be considered as those, which belong to the sports industry, as they deal with amateur sports

Strategy plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy plans - Essay Example Furthermore, the proponent gives comments on how Apple has implemented its strategy within its organization, the control it placed on the organization to monitor its success and eventually how this influenced its staffing requirements. Strategy Plans Due to various changes in the computer industry, strategies need to be planned at Apple Incorporated. There are two essential considerations that Apple has to take into account in order to entirely deliver its strategy plans. These include allocating resources between traditional and new product offerings in order to both maintain and improve its market position, and maintaining its competitive advantage through its unique retail strategy and capitalizing on new and emerging trends (Di Muro, Murray, & Goode, 2010). All of these are remarkable components of Apple’s strategy plans in order to grow its business especially in the midst of constantly changing market in Personal Computers Industry. Thus, there are two obvious strategic plans that Apple should pursue and these include the idea of maintaining and improving its market position and its competitive advantage, respectively. ... Clearly, strategies need to be formulated as well in order to obtain these goals. In particular, under improving or maintaining its market position, Apple Incorporated needs to exactly create highly differentiated products through its initiative in latest product development or innovation. It is in line with this that Apple needs to substantially create more focus in dealing with its traditional and new products based on the latest trends. This means Apple needs to compete with making a difference with its product offerings. This is the very point of its differentiation strategy in order to improve or maintain its market position. On the other hand, in order to achieve its competitive advantage, Apple needs to substantially consider its unique retail strategy which is related to the creation of its market share. In the midst of a very competitive market due to different key players trying to emphasize target market for their product offerings, Apple remarkably needs to consider explo ring more possibilities on how they exactly make it successful for their products to reach into their customers. While adhering completely on its branding strategy, Apple needs to ensure that its products are handled accordingly by highly accredited retailers. This is to ensure preserving its property rights, which at some point has become an integral part of its product identity and quality trademark. Thus, Apple substantially invests its resources in maximizing the image of its brand as essential component of its unique retail strategy. Implementation of strategy Implementation of strategy would never be that easy especially in the industry where Apple belongs due to a very tight

Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Resume - Essay Example I have very good recommendations from my professors. I currently have a GPA of 3.0. During the course of my work, I am interested in doing a Master’s in Human Resources in California. This greater work experience and knowledge will enable me to accomplish greater goals and promote perfection for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. My skills include my abilities to speak more than one language, English and Arabic. I am a native citizen of Saudi Arabia from Dammam. My family name is Al-Dosssary. I am skillful in managing people in the department. Based on my prior experience working at British Airways in Saudi Arabia, I have solved numerous issues with people. For example, I have managed passengers who have overload weight of baggage. My solution to them was to assist them with strategies of how to decrease the weight by putting some of the weight in their handbag. With this solution, the passenger was able to fly safely without paying extra and I was able to not go above or beyond the company policy limit of bags lower than 23 kilos. I thank you for your attention in reading my letter and I am open to having further continuing relationship. Enclosed, is a copy of my resume. I thank you for your attention. You can call me during normal Business Hours from Monday-Friday at my cell-phone (720) 421-8371 or at

RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges

RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges Somayeh Komeylian Department of Tel-Communication Engineering, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Armin Mehrabian Department of Medical, Mashhad Medical Science University, Mashhad, Iran Saeed Komeylian Factory of graduated students, Department of Tel-Communication Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Latest works are doing on date encryption/color Image in optic range as well as Digital ranges. In this research, color Images encryption has been done by RGB components in FRT ranges for any kind of encryption random phase codes. Moreover, one single-part encryption method has been performed for color twin images. Encrypted twin RGB images by their color map converted to indexed format. One Algorithm used for incorporating two images in order to encrypt in FRT domain. Outlined Algorithm of 15entering parameter involved generally that random phases could be considered as keys for encryption. Unsuitable selection of any keys during encryption will have negative results. Presence of many keys help in building system thats intensely safe against unpermitted accessibility it could be seen that encrypted images were completely safe against unpermitted time accessibility that has false fractional commands in all three channels. Keywords: RGB Components; Color Images; Encryption. By developing Multimedia network, connection and publication techniques, tendency to send and gain Digital Date, especially images, extended a lot. Protecting individual and hiding things for permitted users and ensuring accessibility for legal Data and security considered as the most important subject in connections and image storage. One of the certain ways for immunity is encryption different optic methods recommended well for Digital methods and encrypting images. That consisted of good recognition of (DRPE) Double random phase encryption [1-3]. This method statistically uses Double Random phase in entrance and Fourier phase for input image encryption into a stationary white noise. This method generalization conducted toward fractional Fourier domain and then considerable help has been done by authors and researchers [7, 8]. In addition, many remarkable works are doing on date encryption/color Image in optic range as well as Digital ranges. In the other related works for color Im ages encryption, RGB color Image RGB components in FRT ranges used for any kind of encryption random phase codes and FRT fractional commands as keys [6]. Moreover, one single-part encryption method has been performed for color twin images [5]. Encrypted twin RGB images by their color map converted to indexed format. One Algorithm used for incorporating two images in order to encrypt in FRT domain. Mentioned Method is Single-part and permitted processing in a simple direction [4]. A. Definition of FRT Conventionally, The nth order FRT fn(xn) Of a function f(x) is calculated using integral transform kernel given by follow equation [4]. (1) Where (2) Moreover, X and xn represent the coordinate systems for the input (zero order) domain and the output (nth order) fractional domain respectively. The FRT is linear and has the property that it is index additive: (3) Where a and b are different fractional orders of the FRT. It is possible to extend the definition of the FRT order beyond  ±2 (4) Where m is an integer. B. Concept of Colored Indexed Images Colored image in our context is represented as fn(x. y), where   x and y are spatial coordinates and n denotes the index of primary color components (n=0, 1, 2) f0(x. y), f1(x. y) and f2(x. y) correspond to RGB color components respectively. A colored image con be viewed as a stack as a stack of RGB components forming a m-n-3 array, with each pixel as a triplet corresponding to the values of the primary color components. On the other hand, an indexed image consists of a data matrix and a color map matrix. The color map matrix is an m-3 array of class double containing floating point values in the range [0, 1], where m is a function of the color system and it defines the number of colors it defines. Each row of the color map matrix specifies the red, green, and blue components of a single color. An indexed image uses direct mapping of the pixel intensity values to color map values. The color of each image pixel is determined by using the corresponding value of the data matrix as a pointer into color map. Unlike a colored image (Which is a 3-D matrix), an indexed image is a 2-D array, and simplifies the encryption as the color map is uniquely defined for a given color system. The same can be extracted from the color image and only a 2-D indexed image can be encrypted. Thus the process of encryption and decryption can be carried out in a single channel similar to the gray scale images, and the colored image can be retrieved after adding the color map to the decrypted indexed image [4]. A. Recommended Encryption Algorithm Colored image in our context is represented as follow equation: (5) Where, x and y are spatial coordinates and n denotes the index of primary color components (n=0, 1, 2) f0(x. y), f1(x. y) and f2(x. y) correspond to red, green, and blue color components respectively. Each of these components is segregated and the input RGB image p(x, y), to be encrypted, is converted into its indexed format pi (x, y), by extracting the color map and with each of these components are added. Each of these components encrypted independently using fractional Fourier encryption. The schematic of the proposed encryption technique is shown in Figure (1). The colored image to be encrypted is decomposed in red, green, and blue components and each of these components are combined with indexed image pi (x, y), and each component is multiplied with random phase functions ÃŽ ¦r1(x, y), ÃŽ ¦g1(x, y), and ÃŽ ¦b1(x, y). The random functions used above are statistically independent of each other. The FRT with different fractional orders along each spatial coordinate is performed for all the color components i. e (arx, ary) for red, (agx, agy) for green, and (abx, aby) for blue respectively. The transformed primary color images are then multiplied with three random phase functions ÃŽ ¦r2(u, Ï…), ÃŽ ¦g2(u, Ï…) and ÃŽ ¦b2(u, Ï…) in the fractional domain, where u and Ï… denote the coordinates in the respective fractional domain. Another FRT is performed subsequently on these images independently with different fractional orders along each spatial coordinates i.e. (brx, bry) for red (bgx, bgy) for green and (bbx, bby) for blue, in order to obtain the encrypted images for each of the three color components. In the final step, these three encrypted image are combined to get the colored encrypted image e(x, y). Figure 1: The color image encryption algorithm B. Recommended Decryption Algorithm The decryption process is described in Figure (2). The encrypted image is first decomposed into three primary color components. FRT of fractional orders (-brx, -bry), (-bgx, -bgy) and (-bbx, -bby) are calculated for the red, green, and blue color components, respectively and are subsequently multiplied with random phase functions ÃŽ ¦*r2(u, v), ÃŽ ¦*g2(u, v), and ÃŽ ¦*b2(u, v) in the fractional domain, where * denotes complex conjugate. In the next step, the FRTs of the fractional orders (-arx,-ary) for red, (-agx,-agy) for green- and (-abx,-aby) for blue-color images are calculated. Furthermore, indexed image pi (x, y) is segregated and finally these three components color images are combined to get the decrypted image. Figure 2: The color image decryption algorithm Figure (3a) is the main Image of globe and our main Image that will be encrypted. Figure (3b) is lena picture that would be index image incorporated with the main image. P(x,y) that has been shown in Figure (3b), and index image has been shown in Figure (3c) and finally encrypted image resulted as Figure (3d). Now, in encryption process, we must arrange it like this and see that encrypted image of globe will be as follows after separation. Figure 3: The Result of encryption In the previous part, observed results of encryption and decryption. Outlined Algorithm of 15entering parameter involved generally that random phases could be considered as keys for encryption. Unsuitable selection of any keys during encryption will have negative results. Presence of many keys help in building system thats intensely safe against unpermitted accessibility it could be seen that encrypted images were completely safe against unpermitted time accessibility that has false fractional commands in all three channels. References   P. Refregier, B. Javidi, (1995), Double random Fourier plane encoding, Opt. Lett. 20(1): 767-778. B. M. Hennelly, J. T. Sheridan, (2003), Image encryption and the fractional Fourier transform, Optik, 114(2): 6-15. B. M. Hennelly, J. T. Sheridan, (2003), Double random fractional Fourier plane encoding, Optik, 114(1): 251-262. M. Joshi, K. Singh, (2007), Color image encryption and decryption for twin images in fractional Fourier domain, Optics Communications, 281(1): 5713-20. M. Joshi, K. Singh, (2007), Color image encryption and decryption using fractional Fourier transform, Optics Communications, 279(1):35-42. Z. Liu, S. Li, (2007), Double image encryption based on iterative fractional Fourier transforms, Optics Communications, 275(1): 324-329. Y. Wang, S. Zhou, (2011), A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Fractional Fourier Transform, IEEE, 978(1): 4244. X. Feng, X. Tian, Sh. Xia, (2011), A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based On Fractional Fourier Transform and Magic Cube Rotation, IEEE, 978(1): 4244-9306

The Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia Essay -- Oresteia Essay

The Cycle of Vengeance in Aeschylus’s Oresteia    The cyclic thread of vengeance runs like wild fire through the three plays in Aeschylus’s Oresteia. This thread, with its complexity of contemporary and universal implications lends itself quite well to – in fact, almost necessitates – deeply interested study. While a brief summary of the Oresteia will inevitably disregard some if not much of the trilogy’s essence and intent, on the positive side it will establish a platform of characters, events, and motives with which this paper is primarily concerned. As such, I begin with a short overview of the Oresteia and the relevant history that immediately precedes it. The house of Atreus is cursed, it would seem, with the perpetual cycle of vengeance, the law of an eye for an eye. The curse originated with Tantalus, who angered the gods by feasting them on the flesh of his own son, Pelops. Pelops was restored by the gods and effected the birth of two sons, Thyestes and Atreus. Thyestes angered his brother by seducing his wife and challenging his claim to the throne. Consequently, Thyestes was banished from the kingdom, only to be summoned back by Atreus in false friendliness. Atreus, in the mode of his grandfather, feasted the unknowing Thyestes on small bits of Thyestes’ own children. Upon discovery of his doing, the distraught Thyestes fled into exile with his only remaining son, Aegisthus. The Agamemnon picks up with Agamemnon and Menelaus, sons to Atreus, who joined together in the war of Troy after Paris, son of Priam, seduced Helen, wife to Menelaus. Angered by his ruthless man-sacrifices in the war, Artemis required that Agamemnon take the life of his daughter Iphigeneia in order to save the army and fleet o... ...y nature one who questions, one who hesitates, one who considers his own actions from a variety of perspectives. This, by far, appears to be both the simplest and most sound argument. As Oedipus’s persistent pursuit of truth and constantly questioning nature made him a hero in Sophocles’ Oedipus, so did the similar nature of Orestes in the Oresteia.    Works Cited          Aeschylus. â€Å"The Oresteia.† Aeschylus: The Oresteia. Tran. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1979. 99-277.    Aristotle. Poetics. Tran. Gerald F. Else. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1986.    Finley, John H. Jr. Pindar and Aeschylus. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1955.    ---. Four Stages of Greek Thought. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1966.    Pollitt, J. J. Art and Experience in Classical Greece. London: Cambridge UP, 1979.    Taplin, Oliver. Greek Tragedy in Action. London: Routledge, 1993.

Religion and Ecology Essay

Every thread of the problems faced by the present human society can be traced back to first industrial revolution of late 18th century and early 19th century that took place in Britain and from where it was embraced by the entire world. The industrial revolution set in motion the process of changes that have since then subsequently transformed the character of not only human society but of entire earth (Gatta, 7). Air, water, land and sky, all bear the effects of the changes inflicted by human march through industrial revolution and the effects have not been pleasant by any order. The modern society is the product of new-classical theory of economics and the anthropocentric view of environment, both of which advocates completely human centered progress and development utilizing all the resources and potentials of the nature and the environment around them (Nassar, 40-46). This view has been at the core of all the human activities and development planning taking place since more than 200 years now and it has encouraged massive rate of consumption and utilization of all the natural resources at an ever increasing scale. As almost a direct evidence of the expanding human footprint on earth, our population has increased from 1 billion to around 7 billion in past 150 years (Gatta, 20). This growth is based on the foundation of an efficient but brutal system that mastered the art of misusing the full spectrum of available natural resources, causing their widespread destruction, contamination, and debilitation. Examples of this destruction can be seen in extensive deforestation around the world, rapid destruction of rainforests in Brazil and Africa, fertile soil erosion, severe contamination of several important rivers of world due to continuous effluence of industrial and municipal sewage, air pollution, ozone layer destruction, depletion of non renewable energy resources especially oil and natural gas, global warming and climatic change. The extensive damage to the natural resources and ecology has deeply imbalanced the natural system, creating a disharmony and conflict with human development and its environment. The destruction of ecology and nature have caused unprecedented rise in extinction rates of animals and plants, who have found their ecological niches disappearing due to human activities. The emergence of massive urban centers around the world where millions of people live within few square kilometers of area exert tremendous pressure on the environmental sources which has put earth’s biodiversity and consequently humanity’s own survival chances at risk (Gatta, 62). The threat that human development is causing to the entire living world, including its own self, has not remained unnoticed and there many global social and political movements have started during past 30 years, with sincere intentions and efforts to create and implement an alternative system of social and economic model where human interests and development share a symbiotic relationship with nature, environment and ecology; where advancement and development have mutual linkage across the entire natural continuum (Nassar, 68). These efforts have been so far varyingly successful, where some countries and regions have adopted one set of selective steps for ecological integration, while others have adopted different set of steps, all determined by their economic convenience and financial constructs (Gatta, 65-69). This has led to an inward analysis and evaluation process in ecology and environmental thinking, which looks at the very basics of our social development and structure and try to re-align them with many old and yet existing religious and community view of social development, which is embedded in ecology and environment. But the question of human pressure and influence on its ecology has several parallel sides, each of which poses its own crucial question. The first question that comes up is that, is human species is constrained by any limiting factor- does its growth and expansion has a maximum attainable size, or can it continue to swell indefinitely, maximizing the resources for itself, for its need for infinite consumption and consequently infinite growth? If this is not possible , then is it possible for human beings to exist and thrive in exact optimum conditions, where population growth, consumption requirements, and growth needs are exactly balanced with the ecosystem, and stay in this balance forever? If the attainment of this balance is not possible then does it mean that for its own survival humanity is causing destruction of other species, destabilizing the ecosystem, and tripping the biosphere? (Gatta, 141-147) Religion and Ecology While all the religions of world have a strong foundation in ethical learning and teachings, with distinct emphasis on concepts of good and bad, divine presence, and determinism, the ancient cultures and indigenous traditions have taken this concept much further to include divinity and God as a part of their local environment and daily living system. The essential principle is same in all the religions, which states that God has created the entire world, including all the nature features, plants and animals, and human beings. However, as it is seen, some of the earlier interpretations of modern religions, such as Christianity, took a rather human centric religious approach (Gatta, 208). In essence, they popularized the notion that man is designed to be the ultimate consumer of all the natural resources, or in other words, the whole natural world exists in order to serve and meet human needs and requirements. This view in considered as one of the acting principle behind neo classical theory of economics as well as anthropocentric world view as discussed earlier. The view of ancient and traditional cultures and religions does not take such an exclusive view of human influence. For example it does not recognize human beings as isolated and separated from their surrounding environment and ecology, neither it sees humans as controller of the natural resources and final arbitrator of their destiny (Nassar, 71). The learning that we receive from these traditional cultures and religions is that we must recognize ourselves as parts of a widely distributed and ranging biotic communities and ecosystems, each of which has its own important role to play in design and creation of God and nature. Human beings occupy a very important niche in nature, but yet its only one of the numerous niches, while the complete scope of the ecology goes much beyond the human considerations and interests (Gatta, 219). Then, there are many internal and subtle relations present between man’s interaction with nature and vice versa. Ecology is not only a biological function of our existence but it also regulates the cultural gradient, the behavioral landscape and the social outlook of people. Therefore, when we deeply disturb the ecosystem through persistent and determined set of harmful activities- acidification of natural resources, toxifying land and water bodies, resource depletion, modification and destruction of habitats and unintended or deliberate elimination of native species, then we destroy our cultural tie from the ecosystem. Howe we act and when we act should always remain attuned to our environmental and ecological perspective. The lessons from the past, and the ecological wisdom of ancient religions should form our guiding principles at every stage of intervention or interference in the ecosystem. Taking a step ahead, it should create a pro-active approach to look into the possible avenues of meaningful interference and interaction to search for, identify and implement the ways in which our impact on our own ecosystem is as free of protuberance as possible (Gatta, 223-232). Our actions should be well reasoned out and their consequences considered in all the possible ranges. The ecosystem balance is dependent upon a vast number of factors, many of them yet unknown or improperly understood, and therefore even an unintended disturbance on our part produce enormous and unexpected ecological backlash. These backlashes symbolize the failure of man’s relation with nature, failure of the understanding and appreciation of ecosystem’s intrinsic value in defining the human niche, and a failure to secure corrective steps to improve the interaction. The ancient and indigenous cultures, such as Inca, red Indians, Buddhism and Chinese culture, took a very different view of the role of humanity in the nature’s order. They did not see nature and its bountiful gifts as resources that require taming, mastering and exploitation. Quite contrary, they viewed man in a wholesome, nurturing and co-dependent relation with the nature, where every aspect of nature, whether it’s a tree or an animal, shares a relationship with the man. Explaining the meaning and depth of this relationship, the older religions and cultures state that as the entire nature is a creation of the God, therefore it’s every part is a close a representation of God, and hence their destruction or violation is a direct violation of God’s own creation (Gatta, 237-241). This idea is further developed in eastern religions where man is viewed as just one part of the infinite range of nature’s creations, with no superiority or ascendency accorded to him over other forms of life or natural features. Human being hold a place in the continuum of natural order, but apart from their wisdom, there is nothing to distinguish them, or accord them the status of master of other resources. The implications of this view cut deep and profound, even for the standard of modern environmentalism and ecological movements. A majority of these movements still see the issue from the point of saving earth and nature from human desire and want of growth-insinuating a weak and fragile nature and a powerful human civilization which is threatening the vulnerable nature (Nassar, 91-96)! This is Older traditions, cultures and religions, take quite an opposite view on this issue, where they see human beings as fragile, vulnerable and dependent upon the nature for their own survival. Nature, on the other hand is all powerful, protean, strong, and controlling lives and deaths-in fact nature is deemed so powerful that it is worshipped in many ancient civilizations and we can see why- the human survival is impossible if the nature dies around (Nassar, 107-111). We have always considered the nature and ecology as taken for granted in our environment; however, if we once stop to consider the situation when all the standing forests have been cut down, all the rivers polluted and turned into industrial sewage, all the natural diversity in animal and vegetation life lost on account of human exploits then it is not difficult to see that the this situation signifies the end of humanity as well-with no resources left, no natural cover to fall back, and left in a barren and dry world, human beings would run out of their capacity to struggle and survive (Gatta, 151-156). Thus the teachings of the indigenous cultures and older religions is towards ingraining humanity into a natural system that is based on mutual benefit, organic growth and interdependent development. This is a holistic, broad, and profound approach, which makes man a factor in the nature’s grand design of world, brining understanding, compassion, humbleness and realization of the coherence and integrity that is pre-requisite for our existence. Reference Gatta, John. Making Nature Sacred: Literature, Religion, and Environment in America from the Puritans to the Present. Oxford University Press, 2004. 291 p. Nasar, Sayyed Hossein. Religion & the Order of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1996 . 312 p

Crime And Punishment In America

Crime And Punishment In America Crime is something wrongfully done against another person, place, or thing. Too much of the wrong thing is being done in the fight against "vice and sin" . Religion impacts laws in various ways, laws are based on religion and our religion instills in us, our morals. Since the morals of the community are what the laws are based on in turn religion has a great impact on the laws. Freedom for women revolutionized the employment for women, it created a new independence they were no longer restricted to the kitchen. The progressive movement impacted the fight against by making alcohol illegal which in turn only made the people who wanted it, try harder, and the people who didn't want to put in the extra effort, experiment with other drugs or stimulants such as opium, cocaine, and marijuana. Organized crime also began once prohibition was enforced. I believe prostitution was legalized in the State of Nevada because they most likely figured that Nevada was a state where the rules didn't apply, in general most of the implemented laws were not implemented and this was a tourist attraction to certain people who enjoyed getting away with certain things such as gambling and buying sex.Al Capone. Mugshot information from Science and So...Bingo was considered a crime in this video since the church was gambling for money. In America gambling is viewed as something everybody does at one time or another and some get addicted to, but no matter what, the people on the receiving end make a whole lot of money. Community standards are the morals of a community since many communities are very different in what they believe is right and wrong.The internet has opened up a totally new area of crime, such as internet fraud, hacking into web sites databases, stealing credit card numbers, stealing identities...

Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Essays

Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Essays Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Paper Financial Implication on Health Care Reform Paper When President Barack Obama entered the white house, he made reform of the American health care system, making it his top domestic priority. United States of America spends nearly twice the amount of average developed countries but record of healthcare is dismal. Infant mortality is higher, life expectancy is lower than other countries, plus the negative health statistics that shows Americans to be twice as likely to be obese. Here is the current healthcare coverage situation in the United States. Employers provide their employees with healthcare and insurance coverage. Others sign up for insurance scheme. Under most plans, people are required to pay part of the cost (deductible) and this varies according to their plan. Some employers stopped offering insurance to employees due to the high cost. : A writer of the BBC News states that one problem America is facing on healthcare today is the cost. America spends 16.2% of GDP nearly twice the average of other countries in the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Another issue is coverage where in it is estimated that in 2008 46.3 million people in America, out of a population of 300 million, were uninsured. There were also millions of Americans who were considered â€Å"under-insured† (2010). US declares half of personal bankruptcies as the result of medical expenses paid by someone without insurance or with inadequate cover when they fall ill. This is because these people are obligated to pay their medical expenses out of their own pocket. The US government has been spending more and more on Medicare and Medicaid and this is one of the biggest contributing factors to the spiraling US budget deficit. On March 21, 2010, the House of Representatives passed the biggest reform of health care in the country for 40 years (BBC News, 2010). This will provide healthcare for 30 million uninsured Americans. According to the CBS News Capitol Hill Producers, it would cost $940 billion over ten years. It will expand its coverage to 32 million uninsured Americans. This will take coverage across the country to 95 percent. Its main provision is to make health insurance almost mandatory, with exceptions to the low-income people. This will prevent insurers to deny coverage to people who have pre-existing medical conditions. This will also reduce the price of drugs available to the public (Cairns, 2010). The changes, Obama said, would help reduce the federal deficit by $100bn over the next 10 years, by dealing with misuse, fraud and abuse. Individuals and families who have income between the 133 percent and 400 percent of poverty level would be able to purchase insurance through state-based exchanges with subsidies. They are not eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, or be covered by their employers, though. CBS News laid the plans of the Healthcare reform bill. Starting in 2012, the Medicare Payroll Tax will be extended to include unearned income (2010).   Insurance companies will pay 50% excise tax on high-end insurance plans in 2018. There will also be 10 percent excise tax on indoor tanning services. Medicaid will also be expanded to include 133 percent of federal poverty level. This reform will help establish health standard boards wherein there will be an annual health budget for the nation to limit both public and private expenses. There will also be a clear out on billing fraud and eliminate incentives that encourage abuse. Government spending on Medicare and Medicaid is sustainable with the health care reform. The cost will increase from 6% to 15% of GDP by 2040 (Amadeo, K., 2010). Drug price gouging would also be stopped. Health care reform will bring down prescription drug prices. It will eliminate tax breaks for drug companies that raise their prices fast. It will also discourage drug companies from expending more on marketing than on research and development (Luce, G. and Dutton, T., 1993). The new bill suggests increase in the economic well-being of about two-thirds of a percent of GDP per year. This is visible when taking into consideration the comparison of the total benefits of coverage to the uninsured and the total cost of insuring them (whitehouse.gov, n.d.). Decent health care insurance will be affordable to Americans with creditable efforts to control the health care inflation rate. There is no guarantee yet that this new policy will produce this degree of change, the benefits of having successful reform would be very important to Americans: individuals, businesses, and the economy itself. References: David Cairns. (2010). Obamacare Briefing: What US Health Reform Means. The First Post.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved July 9, 2010, from thefirstpost.co.uk/61246,news-comment,news-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   politics,obamas-triumph-what-us-healthcare-reform-bill-means-obamacare. Jackson, J. and Nolen, J. (2010). CBS New Politics. Health Care Reform Bill Summary: A Look   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At Whats in the Bill. Retrieved July 9, 2010, from cbsnews.com/8301-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   503544_162-20000846-503544.html Luce, G. and Dutton, T. (1993). Healthcare Reform: Models and Implications. Retrieved July 9,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2010, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n3_v47/ai_14122723/. Romulo, B. D. (2010).   There will be healthcare reform in the US. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved   Ã‚   July 9, 2010, from mb.com.ph/articles/236920/there-will-be-healthcare-  Ã‚   reform-us. The Economic Case for Health Care Reform. (n.d.).   Retrieved July 9, 2010, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/cea/TheEconomicCaseforHealthCareRefo  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   rm/ QA: US Healthcare Reform. (2010). One-Minute World News. Retrieved July 9, 2010, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8160058.stm.

I have detailed requirements on the photo Essay - 2

I have detailed requirements on the photo - Essay Example GMO’s have been in existence for a long time. GMO technology has been incorporated in both plants and animals. GMO is an organism that the genetic material has been changed by means of genetic engineering (GÃ ¶tz 1961). The technology helps in incorporating new trait to the living organism. Such traits may be resistance to herbicides, droughts, weeds, and some predators. The traits are derived from other organisms mostly bacteria. The technology has been dominant in plant. Plants have been produced that makes their chemicals for fighting insects as well as produce modified starch (GÃ ¶tz 1961). The technology is also in the advanced stage to produce food with high levels of vitamins as well as the antibiotics. The current trend in this technology employs incorporation of several traits to plants genome. GMO has been on the rise in the world. The major GM crop includes soy, maize, cotton, and rapseed. In fact, in 2008, there were over 100 billion hectares of cultivated GM crops (GÃ ¶tz 1961). Moreover, the number of countries practicing this technology has been on the rise. The technology has been prevalent in countries such as America, India, and China. However, it has received little acceptance in parts of Asia, Europe and Africa (GÃ ¶tz 1962). GMOs are considered beneficial in various ways. First, the technology has been shown to help in reducing agricultural costs (Lanton 2). Such costs are related to weeds, pests and crop diseases. This occurs through production of plants that are resistant to weeds, pest, and crop diseases. Moreover, the technology is seen as a way of achieving human needs of more food. This has been due to the burgeoning human population in the world. Consumers have questioned whether technology presents long-term health risks. A recent survey done in United States by New York Times found that three-quarters of the American population raised issues about health by having GMOs in their food

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market Essay - 1

Main differences between perfect competition and monopoly market structures - Essay Example The sellers have the aim to provide the products and services as per the highest quality standards and at a minimum price as compared to the competitors. Since all the sellers have the same objective, it creates the scenario of perfect competition where the buyers have the highest bargaining power (McNulty, 1967). In a perfectly competitive market, it is very difficult to choose between the products and services sold in the market. The firms tend to maximize profits under the strict conditions of a perfectly competitive market where the buyers and the sellers are aware of all the information of the market. The barriers to entry and exit from the market is very less. The returns to the investments do not have large scope of enhancement in future (Marshall, 2006). The monopoly market structure resembles the form of market where a certain product or services is manufactured or supplied by a single firm. The monopoly market signifies minimal competition among the firms operating in the market. The buyers also have practically no options to avail substitute products and services. In a monopoly market structure, the business is the price setter and has the ability to charge high prices (Mankiw, 2011). The customers in a monopoly market has the lowest bargaining power as there is no availability of substitute products and services.The government encourage monopoly in certain sectors in order to provide economic benefits to the people by reduction of the market risk. The barriers to entry into the monopoly market is very high. In a monopoly market, it is observed that only one firm tends to dominate the market supply. The price discrimination is observed as characteristics of the monopoly market as the sellers vary the price of the products in comp arison to the quantity of the products (Hall and  Lieberman, 2009). In several jurisdiction, the monopoly form of market structure is prohibited in

Business and Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business and Employment Law - Essay Example it is the EEC (now known as the EU) that has had the most significance, particularly for law†2. Elliot further comments that in addition to the economic objectives, â€Å"it is intended that there should be increasing political unity, though there is some disagreement – particularly, though not exclusively in Britain – as to how far this should go†3. It is submitted that economic integration and the policy making of the EU is inherently dependent on legislation and therefore a central issue of importance is the ability of the EU institutional framework to effectively implement and regulate EU economic objectives at national level4. As an initial observation, Baimbridge and Whyman posit that the organisational model of the EU with the roles of the Commission, European Parliament and the European Court of Justice is its inherent weakness in achieving EU harmonisation5. In supporting this argument, they refer to the EU regulatory model as the democratic deficit of the EU framework â€Å"in terms of direct influence afforded to European citizens over the decision making process of the principle institutions†6. As such, the institutional framework clearly lends itself to conflict with the national political framework of member states. The focus of this paper is to critically evaluate the impact of European Union and EC law on the UK and business. Whilst the sheer complexity of multifarious issues raised by the impact of EC law and EU institutional policy making on the UK is outside the remit of this paper, in evaluating the issue this paper will focus on the policy initiatives of the EU, impact of legislation and undertake a contextual evaluation of the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 (â€Å"HRA†). The tension between European Community law (EC) and national law is arguably the most debated topic of constitutional law7. The convention of Parliamentary supremacy is rooted within the British constitution as a fundamental limb of the separation of powers

Death Penalties in the UK Essay Example for Free

Death Penalties in the UK Essay In PSHE we were studying death penalties in the world. All of the students had different opinions on why we should have or why we shouldn’t have it like it is now in the UK. In this case my opinion is to keep it how it is and not punish criminals with death penalties. I would like to keep the law with no death penalties in the UK. This is because even though the do horrible crimes to get a death penalty, they are still human and there are a lot of things that could go wrong. You could be taking an innocent person who done nothing wrong and giving the death penalty and realizing your mistake after they’re dead. Even if they are guilty there could be so much pain when they are getting injected or shot or any other ways to kill them. Just because they’re murderers, they are still human. Also, what if they did get their death penalty but they didn’t die until an hour after or several minutes, just imagine how much pain that person would be, how their family would feel, how you would feel if you were in that same position. A woman from the UK was sent to America to get a death penalty for something she might not have done and we’re only depending on the evidence of two people. On May 4th 1990 in Florida a man named Jesse Joseph Tafero was executed on the electrocution chair. During the execution, six-inch flames erupted from Taferos head, and three jolts of power were required to stop his breathing. State officials claimed that the botched execution was caused by inadvertent human error the inappropriate substitution of a synthetic sponge for a natural sponge that had been used in previous executions. They attempted to support this theory by sticking a part of a synthetic sponge into a common household toaster and observing that it smoldered and caught fire. Just ask yourself the question: would you liked to be treated this way? This also has a bad picture on Britain. Keep the old saying into your head: treat other people the way YOU would like to be treated. This is my opinion and I think you should take this on mind because we would like to keep a nice image on Britain and not damage it more than it already is. Please don’t put the death penalty in Britain. A lot of people would agree with me.

Love in L.A. and ?M? is for Moon Among Other Things :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Jake and Alfred, the male characters from Love in L.A. and â€Å"M† is for Moon Among Other Things, respectively, reality is far from their perception of the good life. Both men dream of living quite differently from the one they have been leading, yet neither deserve what they desire. Jake and Alfred are a true example of getting what one deserves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While the situations are very dissimilar, the dreams and desires are very common, stereotypical fantasies. Jake conjures up a perfect automobile in his mind, along with a sheik lifestyle to accompany it. Alfred shares secret, fictitious conversations with Marilyn Monroe in his head.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While wasting away in bumper-to-bumper traffic in Los Angeles, Jake seeps into his own little world, imagining all the joys of having the perfect car. Initially this is understandable as he needed â€Å"something better than this ‘58 Buick he drove.† (Gilb 628) But the fantasy goes beyond a newer, safer car with a better radio and heater. He also wanted to have â€Å"crushed velvet interior with electric controls,† which would require him to lead an entirely different lifestyle. (Gilb 628) What Jake wanted was to be wealthy, surrounded by loose women, and enjoy the freedom that money could buy. Rather than sitting in traffic on a daily basis, only to toil long hours at a useless job. Instead of working as an underpaid peon, he could revel in â€Å"exotic colognes, plush, dark nightclubs, maitais and daquiris, necklaced ladies in satin gowns, misty and sexy like in a tequila ad.† (Gilb 628)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alfred suffers from his own delusions as well. Understandably, he is tired, bored, and perhaps annoyed at the monotony of sleeping next to the same woman for so many years, for working the same old job just about as long, and also toiling through a gruesome daily commute. Just as Jake had formed his ultimate fantasy, so had Alfred is, â€Å"a Smooth-as-Silk Beauty as Fast as they Come.† (Stoppard 942) While the reference refers to an automobile advertisement, it can also be seen as his ideal dream of being close to Marilyn Monroe. Alfred is farther gone into his fictitious world than Jake, however.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The middle aged man took his desire to a near-insane level, developing entire conversations with her. After hearing of the actress’ untimely demise, Alfred explains to her spirit that â€Å"[she] shouldn’t have trusted them, they’re all rotten.† (Stoppard 944) He may be referencing the fans, the reporters, her employers, or her lovers, but whomever Alfred is speaking of is irrelevant.

Glass Menagerie and Streetcar Named Desire - Comparing Amanda Wingfield and Blanche Dubois :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Amanda Wingfield And Blanche Dubois In today's rough and tough world, there seems to be no room for failure. The pressure to succeed in life sometimes seems unreasonable. Others often set expectations for people too high. This forces that person to develop ways to take the stress and tension out of their lives in their own individual ways. In the plays "The Glass Menagerie" and " A Streetcar Named Desire" written by Tennessee Williams, none of the characters are capable of living in the present and facing reality. Two of the characters are Amanda Wingfield and Blache Dubios. In order for these characters to deal with the problems and hardships in their lives they retreat into their own separate worlds of illusion and lies. Amanda Wingfield is mother of Tom and Laura. She is a middle-aged southern belle whose husband has abandoned her. She spends her time reminiscing about the past and nagging her children. Amanda is completely dependent on her son Tom for finical security and holds him fully responsible for her daughter Laura's future. Amanda is obsessed with her past as she constantly reminds Tom and Laura of that " one Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain when she once received seventeen gentlemen callers" (pg.32). The reader cannot even be sure that this actually happened. However, it is clear that despite its possible falsity, Amanda has come to believe it. Amanda also refuses to acknowledge that her daughter Laura is crippled and refers to her handicap as " a little defect-hardly noticeable" (pg.45). Only for brief moments does she ever admit that her daughter is crippled and then she resorts back into to her world of denial and delusion. Amanda puts the weight of Laura's success in life on her son T om's shoulders. When Tom finally finds a man to come over to the house for diner and meet Laura, Amanda blows the situation way out of proportion. She believes that this gentlemen caller, Jim, is going to be the man to rescue Laura. When in fact neither herself nor Laura has even met this man Jim yet. She tries to explain to Laura how to entertain a gentleman caller; she says-talking about her past " They knew how to entertain their gentlemen callers. It wasn't enough for a girl to be possessed of a pretty face and a graceful figure although I wasn't slighted in either respect.

Educational Mobility Essay

The journal article is basically a report on the first study to longitudinally examine educational mobility among nurses. The reason for the study is that schools of nursing cite a lack of qualified nursing faculty as a primary barrier to program expansion. The main objective of the study therefore is to identify patterns in how nurses’ entry-level degrees and other individual characteristics correlate with the timing and achievement of subsequent advanced nursing education. The researchers used longitudinal analysis of data gathered as part of North Carolina’s licensing renewal process. They studied the educational mobility of newly graduated RNs with a variety of entry degrees in this state. They followed cohorts of new graduates who were licensed in 1984, 1994 and a special group in 2004, which is basically a longitudinal study of three decades. The results suggest among others that, more than 80% of all nurses in either cohort who attained a master’s degree in nursing or a doctorate in any field began their nursing career with a bachelor’s degree. Younger age at entry into nursing, male sex, and belonging to a racial or ethnic minority were associated with being more likely to pursue higher academic degrees. Based on their findings, they concluded that increasing the number of graduates with a bachelor of science in nursing degree, especially those who are men or members of a racial or ethnic minority will have the most immediate effect on increasing the potential nursing faculty pool. A Critique of the Research Process and Paper The hypothesis or research question was clearly articulated in the article when the authors introduced the issue of the lack of qualified faculty by schools of nursing as a primary barrier to program expansion. The researchers realized that an examination of the data could offer a much better understanding of how patterns in educational mobility have led to the current shortage, as well as some insight into how to address it. Since it was a longitudinal study of three decades, the literature review must not just be current, but also pertinent in order to address the research problem. In this study, the researchers used only two sources of data: cohort data from the North Carolina Center for Nursing database and data on national graduates from the National League for Nursing Division of Research: Nursing Data Book, 1984; Nursing Data Review, 1994; and Nursing Data Review, 2003. In terms of research design the researchers used longitudinal analysis (which is done over time) to explore patterns of educational mobility among RNs in North Carolina. In this type of research, longitudinal analysis is valuable and relevant because it profiles actual behavior and does not rely upon intentions or recall as in other types of conventional research such as cross-sectional research. However, as the authors admitted a disadvantage of this approach is that over time the nature of educational opportunity and access change so that what was true for nurses starting their career at a specific point in time may not be true for those starting in another time. In terms of selecting the sample and adequacy of the sample size, it was done in accordance to the sampling requirements of the longitudinal study. The first cohort initially consisted of all RNs who graduated from an entry-level program in North Carolina in 1983 or 1984 and were licensed in 1984. A second cohort initially consisted of all RNs who graduated from an entry-level program in North Carolina in 1993 or 1994 and were licensed in 1994. They also collected demographic data on a third cohort of 5,400 RNs who graduated from an entry-level program in 2003 or 2004 and were licensed in North Carolina in 2004. Using the database from the North Carolina Center for Nursing (NCCN) to get the raw data, the researchers were confident that as the first state agency dedicated to nurse workforce planning, the NCCN has 20 years of longitudinal data, including educational information, on the state’s nursing workforce. As far as ethical issues are concerned, there is no point or period in the study article that would suggest of any ethical issue raised by respondents. However, as longitudinal researches take a long time to finish, certain privacy may be raised by some respondents who do not want their past information to be dug up by researchers. For statistical analysis the researchers basically used descriptive statistics such as frequency, means, and certain non-parametric tests (chi-square) for testing significant differences between means computed from the data. Because of the relative characteristic of the statistical tests, the power of the non-parametric test is comparatively lower to that of parametric test. So it is difficult to determine why the authors decided to use non-parametric tests in this case. The findings of the authors do well in identifying the behavior and characteristics of nurses who will most likely fill the gap in terms of the shortage of qualified nursing faculty. Their data also suggests that the nursing shortage will not be remedied without having sufficient nursing faculty in place. While the number of RNs has increased in the past decade, their findings suggest that the demand for nursing faculty is not being met. This research is a longitudinal study only of a specific groups or groups of respondents. This study cannot be generalized and duplicated in other states or locale because of such study’s background. The presentation and style of presenting the research article to the average reader might be a bit overwhelming considering that, although a descriptive study, certain areas are complicated and have heavy technical descriptions. The figures such as charts, tables and graphs are also readable and accurate, albeit it takes time for an average reader to understand them. The articles is useful to nursing practice since it tries to address the issue of shortage of nurses due to the lack of qualified nursing faculty who hold master’s or doctorate degrees. The authors themselves tried to encourage all nurses to understand the value of an advanced formal education and the expectation to pursue it. The authors believe that the fastest way to increase the ranks of faculty nurses is to encourage more nurses to enter practice at the baccalaureate level as this academic route has been shown to make advancement for master’s and doctorate degrees more rapidly.